Kulik Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the major bird’s sanctuaries of West Bengal, inhabited by nearly about 164 species of birds of national and international importance. Many of which are tree cavity loving for their nesting. The frequency of cavity nester depends on limited source of tree cavities/holes in forest. These cavities/holes are produced through the processes of wood decay by tree rotting fungi, and sometimes followed by avian excavators. Conservation of cavity-nesting birds requires a solid understanding of how cavities are produced and used. We studied the role of tree rotting fungi in producing tree cavities for cavity loving birds at the community level from 2015 to 2018, and determined tree rotting fungi that produced the cavities.

The GST Bill – a biggest reform in the country came into force from 1 July 2017. GST in India is a comprehensive, multistage, destination based tax that is levied on every value addition. The major objectives are to avoid multiple indirect taxes and multi stage taxes levied into a unified single tax. An attempt is made to analyse the awareness about GST and its impact on purchasing power of an individual. The primary data is collected from 110 individuals of Thiruvallur district to identify the relationship between implementation of GST and the purchasing power of an individual. A statistical analysis such as percentage analysis, correlation analysis, chi-square test and ANOVA test were used. The study depicts that there is a relationship between GST and the purchasing power of the individuals and concluded that the GST really influences the purchasing power.

The transport system in the state occupies an important position in the basic infrastructure facilities in India. Faster industrialization, urbanization and evergrowing state economy have triggered an unprecedented increase of vehicle population in the state. The transport department is one of the major revenue earning departments of the state government. The economic development of a country and the advancement of civilization depend, inter alia, on the road transport system. The importance of the road transport system came to be realized only in the recent years. In India for this purpose the Central Government passed the Road Transport Corporation Act in 1948, empowering State Government to undertake the Organization of Road Transport Service. It covers the period from 2000-01 to 2015-16. The Corporation’s activities have expanded considerably which is revealed by the average daily kilometers operated. The cost of operation per km of Coimbatore division has increased due to inflation and hike in prices of fuel, oil, spares, tools, etc. The earnings per km shows increasing trend on account of introduction of new routes and fare revision. On the whole, the overall productivity of the Corporation is satisfactory as indicated by the above parameters.

The idea and implementation of Human Rights dates back to 3rd Century Before Christ in the history of human civilization when Aristotle and his master Plato seriously attempted for the security of common man. Of course Aristotle desired to prevent the atrocities and sins of the powerful on the weaker sections of the society through the fear of Religion. But when the suppressors and oppressors started using Religion itself as an instrument against to the people, the purpose and insight of Aristotle was defeated. Hence the rebellion of Martin Luther of Germany and Nietzsche against the hierarchy of Popes, Arch Bishops of church. However the importance of Human Rights was remarkably realized by mankind after the First World War and the Second World War when the military powers started committing excesses against the innocent people and the prisoners of war of the respective countries.

Information and communication technologies has revolutionised the education system and is used as a means for improving the quality of education. Central and state government initiatives has laid a strong foundation for introducing IT enabled education, though many schools lags behind in effectively integrating ICT into the curriculum. High cost of equipments and software’s, weak infrastructures, inadequate funds, lack of skilled ICT professionals, lack of appropriate organizational support, unwillingness of teachers to adapt to new technologies, poor subscription of internet, delay in maintenance are stumbling blocks on the adoption of ICTs in schools. This paper therefore examines the historical background of ICT education and the relevance of its integration in the present education system using secondary data. The article focuses upon the Government of Kerala’s initiation of IT@ School project in order to have in depth analysis of its vision, objectives and needs.

Buddhist philosophy is rich with teachings of mental training aimed at the cultivation of happiness, compassion, contentment and helpfulness. These mental trainings are commonly known as "meditation" or "Bhavana" which aims at purifying and training the mind of disturbances such as anger, hatred, ill-will, apathy, worries and restlessness which make people depress and stress in life and replacing them with concentration, awareness, intelligence, will-power, confidence and joy which can make people would be happy, joyful and blissful without stresses. Hereby,I would like to research and explore one of the useful techniques of Buddhist teaching to practice for stress reducing namely "Loving- kindness" (Metta) meditation techniques which constitute the foundation of the Buddhist mental training.

Now a day’s there is immense use of technology in all organizations. Use of technology is leading to more sophisticated and complex methods of frauds, than before. Hence preventing frauds from occurring and detecting frauds at right time is a big challenge to businessman.

To protect good, to destroy evil and to establish Dharma, God is born in all ages . Holy Bhagavad Gita, which is also referred to as Gita is the oldest scripture of the world and guides the lives of the people. This holy text covers 18 chapters and 700 verses.

Poverty is a social phenomenon in which a section of society is unable to fulfil even its basic necessities of life. In wider connotation the term poverty does not include merely those who are unemployed and poor but it also includes those earning very little due to low wages or low productivity. Gillin and Gillin put it as “A condition in which a person either because of inadequate income or unwise expenditure does not maintain a scale of living high enough to provide for physical and mental efficiency and to enable him and his natural dependents to function usefully according to the standard of society which is a member.”1

In the world of investment, the dominant player is investor, who makes investment decisions with different motives. Among many objectives, the most prominent objective is to earn maximum return on investments. However, the choice of investment avenues does not solely depend on the return on their investment as it is evidenced by the fact that the most investors invest their funds in more than one security suggests that there are other factors too and hence they must also be considered.

MNP or mobile number portability, allows the customers to change their mobile phone operator from one to another and keep their existing mobile phone number. This also applies if users are crossing states across the country (moving Telecom Circles). They can switch their mobile phone operator or stay with the same operator in another state. This will prevent them from incurring roaming charges.

The present paper deals with the anatomical studies of node, leaf and stomatal epidermal features of Rotala rotundifolia (Buch-han-ex-D.don) kohene belongs to family Lythraceae. The leaf is amphistomatic,mucilage cells are common in occurrence while spongy tissues are loosely arranged in leaf. The node is unilacunar one traced. The length of vessel length measures from 285.5µm to 392.7 µm. The perforation plates of vessels is simple, lateral wall thickening is pitted, end walls of vessel elements are oblique and transverse noted.

The running epoch is the age of science .Our feelings, beliefs ,values may be endeavor of science .The impact of science playes a vital role in every part of our life . So it is necessary all the students of institution should developed mentally affection, creative, interested,conciousness and attitude towards science. The present study investigated the attitude towards science in secondary students and Environmental awareness on the basis of their gender .Attitude towards science in secondary students consisted of 20 items ( 13 positive and 7 negative items) developed by researcher was used in this study. 80 secondary students as a sample were randomly selected from from two high school ( one arban and other from rural area ) in Purba Bardhaman district ,West Bengal, India. For the data analysis and interpretation Mean , SD and t test are used . The study reveals that there is no relationship between attitude towards science in secondary students with their gender. The study shows that their is no relationship between Environmental awareness on the basis of their gender. Girls shows slightly high level attitude towards science than boys.

The study surveyed the impact of social media on students’ academic performance in public day secondary schools. The study was conducted in Karnataka state; Belagavi where 1132 respondents, (students, teachers and principals) participated in the study. Researcher used mixed method research design. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to obtain the sample of the study. The objectives of the study were: to established whether secondary school students were aware of any social media places, to establish which social media sites were frequented by students in public day secondary schools and find out the influence of social media on students’ academic performance in public day secondary schools. The outcomes revealed that majority of students in day secondary school were aware and access social media sites with majority of them spending an average of over two hours per day. The most frequented social sites being What’s Up and Face book and teachers, students and principal strongly agreed that access of social media sites by high school students has affected negatively their academic and language usage.

Self-regulation is a process in which students set goals for their life and then attempts to monitor, regulate and control their thoughts, opinions, motivation and actions.Self-esteem is the way you feel about yourself. Selfesteem is fundamental and is a basis of a positive attitude towards living. The study aimed at finding out whether there exists any relationship between self-regulation and self-esteem of secondary school students. The sample consisted of 691 secondary school students from 15 schools of Greater Mumbai (407 boys and 284 girls). In order to collect data, self-regulation scale by Lachake P. (2009) and self-esteem scale byRosenberg, M. (1965) were used to measure self-regulation and self-esteem of secondary school students respectively. The results of the present study revealed that there exist positive and significant correlation betweenself-regulation and self-esteem of secondary school students.

Happiness at work place refers to how contented people are with the jobs that they are doing and their personal lives. The notion of happiness is linked to individual’s subjective well-being. Happiness at the workplace is very important for improving overall productivity in any organization. Happy people are said to be productive people while the people who are not happy may not carry out any work with full attention. Some studies believe that the organizations which maintain long-term happiness in their places have better chances of enhancing and sustaining productivity. Therefore, they should be aware of the factors which contribute to employees’ happiness and take steps to enhance those factors leading to happiness in their workplaces. Since research on employees’ happiness was very few in the past, there is a need of proper conceptualization of it so that proper research on it could be conducted. This paper tries to find out the factors responsible for happiness at the workplace that could add value to the existing knowledge of research in this area. Therefore the study tries to analyse the extent to which the factors explain the level of happiness and how the individual factors affect the happiness level of employees especially in the context of software industry.

Cryptography is technique for secure communication between two or more parties. There are various techniques available for the same & Zero Knowledge Proof based Protocols is one of them. It is one of the reliable protocols when it comes to authentication & is widely used in various applications. In ZKP the claimant never reveals anything that may reveal the secret. The claimant proves to the verifying party that the secret is known to it, without revealing the secret. The communication between the claimant & verifier is designed in a way that the secret is never revealed. After the message is exchanged the verifier will have the information that whether the claimant is the authentic user or not. In this paper we have discussed the various situations in which the ZKP based protocols are used. There are variety of situations & scenarios where the cryptographic strength of ZKP is used with variations, be if for a Body Wireless Network, for underwater transmission, for cloud computing & at times for providing security for a web-based model. The brief study of various situations in mention in the below stated related work.

A recent pedagogical innovation which has had a significant impact on the way learning experiences are provided in schools is the use of Interactive whiteboards. SMART Boards are a type of interactive white boards with touch sensitive screens mounted on the wall of the classroom. A projector projects information from a computer onto the whiteboard which is displayed to the whole class. SMART Boards are now widely being used for teaching in developed countries but its potential has yet to be tapped in developing countries like India. Considering the increasing use of SMART Boards at the global level and its benefits cited by various researchers in foreign countries, it becomes imperative to study its usefulness in the Indian context. The study aimed at examining the use of SMART Boards, its strengths and limitations for teaching learning. Case study method was used. Observation and interview tools were used to collect data which was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. This is followed by discussion of findings in relation to the objectives of the study.

The present study was explored to find out the level of attitude towards using new technology in teaching and technophobia of B.Ed. trainees. Survey method was adopted for this study. The simple random sample consists of 850 B.Ed. trainees in Cuddalore district. Self-made tools were used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using by t-test. Results found that there is no significant difference in attitude towards using new technology and technophobia of B.Ed. trainees with respect to gender and age.

The term ’Local Self-Government,’ generally means the ’administration of a locality - a village, a town or a city or any other area smaller than the State - by a body representing the local inhabitants, possessing a fairly large amount of autonomy, raising atleast a part of its revenue through local taxation and spending its income on services which are regarded as local and therefore, indistinct from the State and Central services. When people begin to live together in a locality, communal living requires certain civic amenities like water-supply, drainage, sanitation, roads, markets and prevention of epidemics. With the increase in population expansion follows in other field like trade and commerce, education, public health and public works. The provision of these basic amenities becomes the added responsibility of the local government.

Rural Banking in India refers to a set up of financial institutions for the economic improvement of rural poor in rural areas. The Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank is the one of the leading RRBs in Karnataka and has occupied an unique place in the multiagency approach applied to provide agricultural and rural credit in rural areas of Karnataka. The KVG Bank has the front runner in catering to the needs of the farmers, traders, rural artisans, Professionals, self-employed, contractors and all other sections of the society. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the role of the Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank towards priority sector lending in Karnataka, through the parameters like disbursement of loan to various priority sectors like Agriculture, allied Activities, SSI units and Trade or Services. The study reported that, the KVG Bank has provided highest loan to agriculture as compare to other sector of the rural area and playing the significant role towards the development of agriculture sector. Further it is noted that the priority sector advances of the bank to allied activities is insignificant reflecting its utter negligence of allied activities.

Teaching is considered as a complex and illstructured activity especially in the 21st century with the rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICT). This complexity has been furthered again with the integration of technology in the teaching process. The paper intends to find a compatible solution encompassing teaching within the framework of integrating technology into the content and pedagogical knowledge and examine the ways teachers endorse the technological, pedagogical and content practices in Social Science teaching. This is examined by using Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge analysis (TPACK) (Mirshra & Koehler, 2006) as a framework to explore the technology integration practices in Social Science education. The very framework is built upon the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Lee Shulman ,which conceptualizes on the inclusion of technological knowledge in teaching process. The TPACK framework is instrumental to the teachers for effective teaching with the inclusion of technological knowledge. The insertion of technology in education is reshaping or transforming the teaching/ learning paradigm and not just an add-on to the existing system of education. The utilization of technology modifies the pedagogical techniques and in turn pedagogy provides the basic requirements to the effective integration of technology, hence there is a reciprocal interaction among the two. The paper also propose to depict the multifaceted integration of three important aspects of knowledge ie. Content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and technological knowledge. The interaction of these three bodies of knowledge provides us theoretical as well as experiential knowledge on how we can successfully integrate technology into the teaching of Social Sciences. This study also analyses how technology supports teachers in identifying the learners with content specific understandings and conduct effective blending of technology in the classroom context. The focus group discussion data of second semester student teachers who are presently undergoing the school based teaching practice were utilized to assess the teacher’s knowledge about the integration of technological knowledge into the pedagogical and content knowledge in the school education. ‘Inclusion of the excluded techniques’ in teaching was observed as an effective strategy for the development of TPACK in student teachers, which would in turn enhance the integration of technology in teaching and it makes the complex activity of teaching into a fascinating bustle.

The main theme of almost all the Tolstoy’s work was the spiritual life of man. According to the teachings of Tolstoy, the question of the meaning of life does not arise because a person lacks meaning in his life, rather due to his acknowledgement of the inconsistency he feels against the ideal meaning in his personal life. It is the sudden acknowledgment of this, which makes the question possible for the person. Religion, invariably has a direction relation with the meaning of life.This process of acknowledgement is not transitory rather it is inherent in every individual. Tolstoy concepts of life, death, man, love and God acquire meaning only when it is in connection with the concept of the meaning of life.

This paper deals with buying behaviour of female faculties employed in higher educational management institutions in pune city.The buying behaviour of these feamle faculties are with respect to FMCG products.Buying behaviour is a complex phenomenon.There are Individual factors and other factors.Here only Individual factor is being considered.Among many individual factors academic position is considered.is there any influence of academic posistion on buying behaviour of femal faculties while purchasing FMCG products?The researcher tried to find the answer.

Ten wild vegetables viz. plants species of Chlorophytum tuberosum Roxb., Celosia argentea Linn, Amorphophllus commutatus (Schott) Engl.in DC., Bauhinia Malbarica Roxb., Peucedanum grande, Arum sessiliflorum Roxb.Ipomea aquatic Of Vegetable and three fruits vegetables namely Garugo pinnataRoxb.Randia uliginosa (Retz.) DC and Momordica dioica Roxb used as fruits vegetables Were studied for nutritional assessment and proximate analysis. Moisture, Fibers, Ash, Dry matter,Total protein, fat and carbohydrate contents were reported as the percentage composition, Starch, energy and sugar were calculated from all the plants species which is used by tribal of Palghar. Result shows that in Peucedanum grande of vegetable and Gaurgo pinnata Roxb. Of fruits contain highest amount of Carbohydrates and respectively Bauhinia malbarica and Randia uliginosa fruit contain lower amount of Carbohydrates. Bauhinia malbarica contain highest in fat and Arum sessiliflurus were calculated lower fats. Garugo pinnata were reach source of starch and Ipomea aquatic were less source of starch. These vegetables were proved to be high level of proximate content and therefore may be considered as a good source of tribal food.

The present study analyzes the Exponential growth rate and trends in author productivity trend of Neutrino Research from 2011 to 2017. The results found that exponential growth rate was increased 1.01 in 2015 to 1.13 in 2016. Two authored contributions was higher (2502 records) followed by triple, multiple and single authors. The Average Author per Paper is increased from 10.7 to 11.01 from the year 2015 to 2017.

When it arrived, sceptics wondered if social media would succeed in India the way it did elsewhere. A country with a huge chunk of illiterates, according to them, was not the right turf for it. At best, the educated and some wellinformed sections of society, with exposure to English language and western lifestyle might patronise it . But technological advancements and the forward-looking attitude of the so-called semi-literate populace of the country, proved the naysayers wrong. The researcher interacted with two stakeholder categories associated with social media, namely the social media marketers and customers to investigate the encouraging outcome. Apps like Whatsapp gained currency sooner than expected thanks to falling data costs, thereby catalysing the growth of social media. With more and more Indians exploiting the mobile internet, social media penetration has been rising too. But the booster injection came in the form of social content entertainment that was provided in the vernacular / local language. Thus, the ignorance of English did not come in the way of the growth of social media. Additionally, the researcher inferred that the social media catered to the needs of the narcissistic segments of society. Customers liked social media because it supported their self-promotion efforts. Marketers would do well to add value to their services by delivering personalised content and notifications in real-time. They should move from content-specific format to what the next generation online users demand.

Television can play a vital role in development communication. It can bring desired changes in the society by focusing on its content. Strategic telecast of content targeting the focus group can help in getting the expected outcome in the society. Development cannot be complete without environment protection. So in this study the researcher analyzed the content of 184 primetime news bulletins of two regional television channels of Odisha- ETV Odia and OTV. Each second was considered as the unit of the study and airtime given to different developmental stories including environment protection was analyzed. It was found that, both the channels have given equal importance to environmental protection stories whereas there was a difference in the airtime given to different developmental reporting.

Every year a great number of people suffer and die from Hypo-kinetic diseases worldwide. In fact, the machinery advantages of the present day civilization makes man idle and has been one of the main causes of hypokinetic disease. However, expert says yoga can manage hypo-kinetic diseases if it is practice regularly. Yoga is an Indian nomenclature observed about five thousand years ago. Indian sages used to practice yoga for spiritual development. Today yoga is used to prevent, control and manage different diseases especially the life style diseases like arthritis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, back problem, osteoporosis, cardio-vascular diseases etc., the commonly known as hypo-kinetic diseases. Hypo-kinetic diseases are also the cause of some other diseases. Experts have identified that participation in regular yoga programmes with some selected exercises, physical activities, play, games, sports and controlling diet, modification of behavior, maintaining of healthy life style and taking of medical assistance prevent hypo-kinetic diseases. Experts say practicing of Yoga at least of 30 minutes session per day may prevent and manage hypo-kinetic diseases. Internally yoga enhance circulation, lower blood pressure, drop pulse rate, lower respiratory rate, better cardiovascular endurance, stimulation of organs, improvement in gastrointestinal health, increased immunity, increase pain tolerance, increase metabolism, renew energy, improved sexuality, improve sleep, helps secretion of hormone from different glands in balanced condition, it regulates the blood circulation properly, it forms antibody to prevent diseases thus it makes the body strong. The external benefits of yoga are limitless Hence it makes body dynamic internally and externally and prevents no movement. Yoga is so good for the persons who are genetically heavier and unable to perform physical activity for them some yoga poses are safe and they can practice easily. The pranayam of yoga helps in breathing controls; this breathing control exercise gives extra energy to the heart and lungs. Therefore, regular practice of pranayam keeps away from the diseases to those organs. Apart from pranayam, meditation also helps to keep away the tension, helps to keep the body fit. Many research works specifies about the name of some effectives yogasanas, mudras, pranayamas, kriyas and meditation.

Jews are often considered as a paradoxical. They are mixture of secular and sacred ideologies. Harsh stroke of destiny shattered life structure of Jews. They were forcefully executed from their own land and were compelled to live the lives of wanderers. Time and again Jews were forced to live the lives as per the norms of their host nations. They were marginalized and subjugated by the rulers of host nations. In order to create a pure Aryan race Adolf Hitler created the enormous brutality in Germany. Traumas of concentration camps horrified Jews from generation after generation. Christians boycotted and abandoned Jews from their lands terming as heretics or Christ killers. Thus, Jews often faced subjugation not only in their own lands but also in their host nations. They had to struggle a lot to prove their innocence and to maintain their existence in the world. This paper is an attempt to project the conditions of Jews as marginalized other. It again aims to explore antisemitic prejudice against Jews. It will try to discuss impact of holocaust in the lives of Jews.

Aim of the present study was to find out the role of Parenting Style in Level of Frustration among adolescent. For this propose 80 adolescence were selected by purposively. Parenting style questionnaire, frustration scale was used for data collection and apply descriptive statistic method for data analyses. Results shows that level of regression, fixation and resignation is low among Authoritative parenting Style adolescent then authoritarian parenting Style adolescent but results also found that aggression level is high among Authoritarian parenting Style adolescents.

In a general sense, “globalisation” refers to integration of nations through the process of crossnational flows of goods, investment, production and technology. However, any discussion about globalisation raises several questions starting from its definition to the implications. The questions that are specific to this subject are - What is globalisation? Is it an economic concept? Is Globalisation a new phenomenon? How does the process of globalisation operate? Who are all the major players of globalisation? What are the merits and demerits of globalisation? How to maximise benefits of globalisation? or How to minimise the demerits? What are the problems faced by India and what are the challenges ahead for India in the era of Globalisation? What is the impact of globalisation? Though the objective of this paper is not to provide answers to all these questions, an attempt is made to provide a brief outline on globalisation that becomes a base to understand the economic reforms and the employment scenario in India. The paper is divided in to three sections. In the first section, the basics of globalisation are presented. In the section 2, the economic reforms initiated in India are discussed. In the last section, the trends in employment and the impact of globalisation are discussed.

Introduction: Old age is the penultimate phase of human life cycle and senior citizens are more vulnerable to stress and stress related problems. The change in family system from the traditional joint family to the nuclear family is highly responsible for institutionalization of senior citizens. This study aims at assessing the perceived stress among institutionalized senior citizens. Method: A descriptive study was conducted among 300 inmates of institutions at Mangalore, Karnataka using interview schedule. Perceived Stress Scale -14 was administered to assess level of stress among inmates Results:Found the level of stress among senior citizens was moderate to high. Statistically very high significant association was found when the stress level is compared with duration of the stay in the institution (P<0.001) and found the decreasing levels of stress as the years of stay increases. Furthermore a high significant association was found when age was compared with perceived stress (p=0.01).

Reading is the key to success in education. It is the heartbeat of all courses offered in advanced education. In this manner its critical to research understudys perusing propensities and how to improve the abilities. The study was an analytical survey with a validated questionnaire of “Reading Interest inventory for college students” Total three hundred (300) students took part in the present research from the three Colleges of Rajkot town, Researcher tried to find the effect of some sociodemographic variables on reading interest. Result shows that there is significant mean difference between reading interest among various college students. Significant mean different also seen in the reference to Gender. Moreover reading interest is also significantly different in various faculties. The discoveries additionally demonstrated that practically every one of the respondents comprehend the significance of perusing. 61.5% love to peruse from their different fields of specialization regularly while 25.0% love perusing from their fields of specialization consistently. The examination affirmed that great perusing propensities upgrade scholastic execution.

Gender identity is an internal sense for every individual being a wo/man or unidentified along with the gender continuum. Gender construct is nothing but a gender disparity starting from prenatal to old age and have a strong platform based on bias and discrimination with multi-facets in the mainstream society and every corner of society and this gender construct is nothing but a social stigma which restrict some of the marginalised group/people those who are not binding in the concept of heterosexuality or bipolarity of gender and this social stigma further extend to exclusion from the societal arena by way of discrimination in a different form for every different individuals and became vulnerable in the context of gender, Moreover the gender construct described only the characteristic of women and men which are socially - culturally constructed based on centric point of religion.

The paper describes about the heritage information resources available in the selected libraries in Tamilnadu State. The paper covers the methods of preservation of heritage documents including digital preservation, standards followed for digitization and the storage medium used for the digitized heritage documents. The paper discusses about the services rendered to users, standards of preservation, format of storage of digital collection in the heritage libraries.

The Southern coast of India is an important stretch of coastline, where many major rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal and were richest source of marine fauna and flora. Assessment of water resource quality of any region is an important aspect of developmental activities of the region. Hence an attempt has been made to study the physicchemical parameters of the Muthupettai saline swamp. The study revealed the following observation. The levels were found low during the premonsoon and the increases in levels were found during. The BOD level were found to be high during premonsoon 328.5±71.41 mm/l and low level were recorded during monsoon period 96±9. The COD levels were found to be high during summer 64.66±13.05 mm/l and low level during monsoon period 56±8.5 mm/l-1. Very trace levels of heavy metals were observed in all the four seasons. The analyses of heterotrophic bacteria revealed that totally 17 bacteria were analysed. The analysis include Vibrio sp, Marinobacter, Gamma Proteobacteria, Mthylophaga, Alcanovorax, Francisella, Alpha Proteobacteria, Psychrobacteria, Marichromatoum, Shewanella, Halothiobacillus sp, Alteromonas sp, Reseovarius, Rhodobacterium, Mesorhizobium, Acidothiobacillus and Halomonas sp.

Plants are exposed to various pest and pathogen (viz. fungi, bacteria, virus, insect, nematodes) which may cause physiological and morphological disorder or diseases in plant. To overcome these incidence plants have some signal transduction pathways of defense mechanisms such as Salicylic acid (SA) dependant- necrotizing pathogen mediated systemic acquired resistance, so called SAR, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR). SAR is responsible for expression of pathogenesis related proteins (PR-proteins) which play direct defensive role against various pests and pathogens regulated by NPR1 and gene NahG. In this present work SA-dependent SAR is focused for protection of crops.

The research results showed that the way to develop performance, improve strategic development plan, and reinforce good governance in Roi-Et Provincial Administrative Organization under sociological role of Roi-Et Provincial Administrative Organization. It consisted 4 aspects of the developing performance as follows; (1) Performance Management Standards: Perfection of Operation. (2) Performance Management Standards: Comments on the Official Performance. (3) Performance Standards for Service Delivery to the Public: Perfection of Operation. (4) Performance Standards for Service Delivery to the Public: Comments on the Official Performance, and 6 aspects of strategic development plan, as follows: (1) Infrastructure Development. (2) Tourism Development. (3) Education, Religious and Culture Development. (4) Economic Development. (5) Social and Environmental Development. (6) Management Development.

The purchase decision is in the consumers hands, based on their preference, product price, products availability and previous experience the consumers taking decision. Manufacturers are in need of studying the consumers and their decisions. Consumers may switch over to other products at any time. Consumers friends, relatives and colleague are influence the decisions, it may happened while sharing their experience. This study is to find how the socio economic factors of the sample respondents which impact the buying decision of cosmetics products. The researcher adopted convenient sampling method to collect data in the study area. The researchers issued 200 questionnaire in the study area, the target group only women. The filled questionnaire collected back only 187. The researchers has taken all 187 questionnaire for this study. This present study conducted to find the buying decisions of the cosmetics products in Thanjavur city. The cosmetics products are necessary for all, especially women need it, while go to job, and move with society they are depending it. The manufacturers are trying to increase the sales, the give advertisement and doing sales promotion. The manufacturer should study the buying decisions of the consumers to influence and increase the sales.

The present study is about commercial advertising in media from the view of moral utilitarianism in the field of applied ethics. Productive companies use any kind of instruments or methods – often false or unethical – to satisfy their audiences and advancing their goals, which would have undesirable effects of individuals. Commercial advertising has flourished with the advancement of technology and increased surplus-based products, and today few people are unfamiliar with it all over the world. The importance of this issue becomes apparent when we see the impact of commercial advertising on people, while it is using media and applying various sciences and arts, and what point it pull the society. The article is using conceptual method and deals with the issue of commercial advertising and its effects on media audiences, based on one of the famous theories of normative ethics in moral philosophy, it means moral utilitarianism. And it seeks to answer the following questions: according to utilitarianism, what kind of propaganda should be allowed by media companions? What is the decree of fraud and deception in any way in the advertising according to the utilitarianism? What are the true criteria of advertising according to the utilitarianism? Which type of advertisements are allowed or not allowed?

A childhood developmental disorder is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a group three of troubles in areas of attention which show challenges with school working. Hyperactive- including strolling around the classroom when seating is expected, talking out of turn, intrusive verbalizations, not finishing on directions and interfering with educator guideline less emotionally mature, more reactive with feelings which requires strategies to control above symptoms from Parents and Teachers .The present study stresses on the strategies adopted for the well being of school children exhibiting ADHD symptoms. Premises and Methodology: A study is conducted from different Government, Pvt Aided and Pvt Unaided Schools in Dharwad City by taking a sample size of 500 children and parents, 250 teachers by adopting descriptive design, random sampling method, self constructed questionnaire is framed to know the Strategies adopted and conners scale was administered to teachers and parents to identify children exhibiting ADHD symptoms Results: The value of F=90.0982, p<0.05 related to motivation strategies, F=241.7172, p<0.05 for counselling services and referral services Conclusion: Thus study aims in understanding the intervention techniques to prevent from long term negative outcome for ADHD symptoms.

Eco feminist interpretation of tonimorrison’s novels: The Bluest Eye. The present paper aims at the study of Toni Morrison’s novels with an Eco Feministic approach. It is based on the study of novelthe ‘Bluest Eye’. It shows how women and nature are related to each other and how both are oppressed by the patriarchal society in the same way and how women and nature both are showing resistance towards this dominance in their own ways.They are system of societal and psychological restrictions that have critically affected the lives of blacks in general and African Americans in Particular. This paper examines all the female characters in these novels are related and affected by nature in one or other ways. This oppression is still there in the contemporary period.

The reason for the investigation was to discover the impact of impact of ability preparing and plyometric preparing on chosen engine wellness parts among school volleyball players. To achieve this purpose, 36 male volleyball players studying in the various schools from Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh were selected as subjects. They were divided into three equal groups and each group consisted of 12 subjects. Group-I performed skill training, group-II performed plyometric training and group-III acted as control. The preparation time frame for both the test bunches was twelve weeks and control aggregate who did not take part any uncommon preparing separated from the normal exercises. The dependent variables tested were speed, muscular strength and explosive power. The gathered information from these three gatherings earlier and after the preparation time frame were factually inspected for noteworthy distinction assuming any, by applying Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Since three groups were involved, Scheffe S test was used as post-hoc test to find out any difference between the groups. The consequence of the examination demonstrates that there was huge enhancement for chosen engine wellness parts, for example, speed, strong quality and touchy intensity of school volleyball players because of the impact of aptitude preparing and plyometric preparing.

Condition is everything that is around us. It will in general live or non-living things. It fuses physical, manufactured and other ordinary forces. Living things live in their condition. They generally work together with it and change in accordance with conditions in their condition. In the earth there are unmistakable participations between animals, plants, Insects soil, water, and other living and nonliving things.

Teachers are nowadays called with a new nomenclature as ‘Social Engineers’, as they are forefronts in fabricating the vibrant and dynamic nation with holistic development of all the sectors. The role of teachers is a precious and an invaluable one in determining the fate of the nation. So the teachers should sensitizes and realize their responsibility and accountability to be committed, devoted, passionate and dedicated to render their fully contribution to make their students versatile for a prosperous nation in all perspective, it can only possible through their effectiveness in teaching irrespective of any field of specialization

Ladies assume assortment of noteworthy jobs in our general public from their introduction to the world till the finish of life. Indeed, even in the wake of assuming her everything the jobs and all the activity opportune in effective way in the advanced society, she is feeble in light of the fact that men are as yet most grounded sexual orientation of the general public. Indeed, even after heaps of mindfulness projects, principles and guidelines in the general public by the administration, her life is more confounded than a man. She needs to deal with herself and relatives as little girl, granddaughter, sister, little girl in-law, spouse, mother, mother by marriage, grandma, and so on. By following such a major obligation in the family, they are completely ready to turn out and do work for splendid fate of possess, family and nation.

Fenugreek a native of South Eastern Europe and West Asia is cultivated as a Methi leaves vegetable, condiment and as a medicinal plant. Fenugreek is used as a spice, vegetable and medicinal plant. Green leafy vegetables are the micronutrient wealth of India and form an important component of balanced diet. The samples revealed good amounts of alkaloids followed by moderate amounts of saponins. Contents were obtained for Hexane, Ethanolic and Acetone extracts for each of the Methi leaf extract. Their antioxidant property protects cells of different organs of human beings against free radicals and free radical mediated diseases.

The paper focuses on various schools and Institutions that have given decisive contributions to the area and arena of music. The paper specifically focuses on the contributions of some Insrtitutions like, KMMC, Delhi School of Music, Madras Music Academy, Swarnabhumi Academy of Music and The True School of Music. Music is said to be universal language. Music is language of the soul and learning music is one of the most purest attempts at attaining art. Music in India has steadily risen to great heights. Today, India is home to some of the best music institutes of the world. Getting a degree in music, is as mainstream as getting a degree in engineering or becoming a doctor. As far as Music in Higher Education is concerned the above stated schools and institutions possess their own vitality and importance not only as local level but also at global stage

Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Lagerheim (Hydrodictyaceae, Chlorophyta), a filamentous water net algae was found during March to June in the year 2014-16 on paddy field of West Bengal, India. The water-net has a characteristic cylindrical fishing net like coenobium. The algae form a dense water bloom and eutrophication on paddy field. In the present study growth of Hydrodictyon reticulatum and its effect on different environmental parameters viz. dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature were measured at different growth conditions. Growth of Hydrodictyon reticulatum was found prolific in the present study which showed 2-fold increase of fresh weight in the 3rd day and 3-fold increase at the 7th day. Dissolve oxygen (DO) was measured in the following test which showed significant decline at night. The pH was also found to increase from 7.4-9.00 at day time which approaches to neutral at night. Temperature was found to decrease. Prolific growth of the algae forms a dense water bloom on paddy field which may lead to mass eutrophication.

The paper attempts to analyse the PostAmbedkarites Buddhist conversion movement and its philosophical perspective with particular reference to Maharashtra. It will also discuss the Buddhist conversion movement and its importance to reject the hegemony of the Hindu religion. First, it will focus on Ambedkar’s ideas on the Buddhist conversion and its impact on society. Besides, the paper aims is to explain the academic debates on Buddhist conversion movement. The major aim of the paper is to evaluate Post-Ambedkarites Buddhist conversion movement in Maharashtra and it further talks about the debates in the post-Ambedkarites period. This paper focuses on the effort of the Buddhist conversion movement for liberating the peoples, their political rights, political representation, freedom, the law of marriage, and education. This paper is divided into the following point’s introduction, objectives, debates on Buddhist conversion movement and conclusion. This paper is based on qualitative research methodology.

In pursuance of the commitments and recommendations of various international organizations and committees, the year 2003 has been declared as the year of ONE BILLION ADOLESCENTS in India, indicating the importance of adolescents in the development of the nation. The document has made several recommendations of which specialized studies to understand the nature of changes in the growth and development of the personality is one. The modern aim of education is the wholesome, balanced or harmonious development of the personality. Educationist and psychologists are busy in building harmonious personality of an individual. Thus personality is the apex and crux of psychology and education. The present study attempts to know the adjustment level and personality factors among adolescents reared by parents. This study has been conducted on 150 (75 males and 75 females) school going students who are studying in class XI and XII respectively with the age range 16-19 years. For measuring these variables the Adjustment inventory by A.K.P. Sinha and R.P.Singh, and High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) by S.D. Kapoor and K.K. Mehrotra were used. This study reveals that there is significant difference on personality traits and adjustment level among male and female adolescents reared by parents. The review is critically examines the literature on each traits included in this study and provides suggestions for future research.

The revolt of 1857 has always been an interesting topic of discussion among the scholars, both Indians and foreigners. This paper is an attempt to study the different views expressed by some of these scholars.

This research article elaborately deals with the influence of social adjustment of rural female higher secondary students on their achievement in physics. The investigator adopted survey method for collecting the data. The investigator selected 1000 rural female higher secondary students studying in the schools in Tirunelveli district by using simple random sampling technique. Selfconstructed social adjustment scale was used to collect data for the present study. For measuring the achievement of the sample students in physics, the halfyearly marks were taken. Mean, SD, ‘t’ Test, ANOVA and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were used for data analysis. The findings showed that significant relationship is found between the social adjustment of rural female students and their achievement in physics.

The research contribution in Science discipline is increasing year by year. The present study has analyzed the trend analysis in Current Science Journal from 2013 to 2017. The year-wise publication with comparison of Compound Annual Growth Rate [CAGR], degree of collaboration, Exponential growth rate and Average pages per publication are also analyzed.

Nation-states are subjected to a variety of challenges from outside and from within. International financial institutions, multinational corporations, foreign investments, environmental and human rights issues, terrorism, drugs and narcotics pose a challenge to the authority of the nation-states. From within, nation-states are threatened by ethno-national and separatist groups. In this essay it is proposed to study the challenges which are faced by the nation-states in the form of secession and selfdetermination movements. The English Oxford Living Dictionaries defines secession as the “the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state”1. Thus secession generally refers to the separation of a unit from the existing state.

The purpose of the study is to find out effect of yogic and aerobic exercises training on cardiovascular endurance of secondary school boys. For this purpose Sixty subjects (n=60) were randomly assigned to three equal groups of 20 subjects. The subjects of the study are studying in Morarji Desai Residential School, Chakkere, Channapatna Taluk, Ramangara District, Karnataka, India. The selected subjects were assigned in three equal groups namely Group-I YPTG (Yogic Practices Training Group); Group-II AETG (Aerobic Exercises Training Group) and Group-III CG (Control Group). Pre test scores were taken for all the subjects on cardiovascular endurance by administering cooper’s 12 meters run/walk test in meters. Group-I trained yogic exercises and experimental Group-II trained in aerobic exercises for a period of 12 weeks. The post test scores were conduct on cardiovascular endurance after the treatment of yogic and aerobic exercises. The differences between pre and post mean scores on cardiovascular endurance were considered as the effect of experimental treatments. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to determine the significance of the mean scores for cardiovascular endurance. Post hoc analysis was applied by using LSD test where the obtained F value was found significant and the level of significance was fixed at 0.05 level and 0.01 levels to test the formulated hypothesis.It was concluded that practicing of yogic practices group and aerobic exercises group were significantly improved cardiovascular endurance of secondary school boys. Therefore, the two methods of exercises are effective on improving the cardiovascular endurance of the secondary school boys.

The synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles incorporated poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous scaffold was prepared for cancer treatment. The silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized from greeny way using mint extract as reducing agent and were analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The equal amount of synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles was incorporated into poly (vinyl alcohol) and electrospun to produce nanofibrous scaffold. The well dispersed gold and silver nanoparticles in the poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous scaffold were studied by Transmission electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The cytoyoxicity of the combination of gold and silver nanoparticles dispersed poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous scaffold by MTT assay method using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and human breast cancer (MCF 7) cell lines were evaluated. Hence, the combination of gold and silver nanoparticles dispersed in the poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous scaffold as a promising material for cancer treatment.

The Indian farmers are in distress as the farmers did not get the remunerativeprices for their agricultural produce Majority of the farmers are in debt trap.As many as 6,351 farmers committed suicide in 2016 across India, or per cent 17 every day, according to the latest Home Ministry data. Suicides declined 21per cent from 8,007, or 22 every day, in 2015, data show. Suicides in the farming sector declined 10 per centfrom 12,602 in 2015 to 11,370 in 2016-- according to the reply to the LokSabha (lower house of Parliament) by ParshottamRupala, Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmer welfare, on March 20, 2018. The Minister’s reply, based on provisional data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), a division of the Home Ministrydid not reveal the causes for suicides in 2016. "As per NCRB report of 2015, bankruptcy or indebtedness and farming-related issues are reported as major causes of suicides among farmers/ cultivators,” the Minister said in his reply, “Family problems followed by Illness are reported as major causes of suicides among agricultural labourers." Suicides of agricultural labourers increased 9 per cent to 5,019 in 2016 (14 every day) from 4,595 in 2015 (13 every day).

The online environment is rife with threats to our safety and security. These threats where possible, not only as an organization but also in our individual capacities. These threats are everything that can prove a risk, for example a publically accessible internet connection, phishing emails, suspicious links, downloadable documents or apps. Cyber safety helps to avoid those risks but also helps to protect against their consequences, because it is impossible to avoid all hazards. Personal information is highly confidential, and thus privacy is a distinct component of information security. Specific requirements and obligations have been established to protect personal information above and beyond those that apply to other forms of information. This study consists of 150 arts and science college students used simple random sampling technique. An analysis of the results was carried out using the SPSS software package. And the findings of this study show that the higher education students have more cyber safety consciousness.

The Present studies deals with the analysis of free amino acids in the development stages and also the different adult female morphs I-III of Callosobruchus analis by paper chromatography technique. For identification of amino acids in each band, their Rf value and Colors were compared with those of stranded map of known 20 amino acids. The color intensity of bands was also recorded. The three morphs I-III of adult females comprise 11, 9 and 10 spots respectively. The amino acid patterns in the various morphs of adult females of C. analis has revealed 14, 12 and15 amino acids in them. The difference in amino acids observed during the present studies has been discussed in relation to differential gene activation in various life processes like metamorphosis, differentiation and polymorphism.

Excess viscosity (?E) and excess molar volume (Vm E) have been calculated at four temperatures T=(303.15,308.15,313.15 and 318.15)K in binary liquid mixtures of methanol with hetero cyclic compound quinoline by using the experimentally measured data of ultrasonic sound velocities, viscosities and densities. These results have been explained on the basis of molecular interactions present in the liquid mixtures.

This paper explores the use of ICT in teaching ELT in the classroom by the teachers of English and how the use of ICT is perceived by the English language teachers. The paper specifically focusses on the English language teachers of Gujarat state of India. The paper explores the basis inclinations that the teachers are towards and their innate feelings of self-efficacy. The researcher would like to delineate that this study is to explore the ideological and thought processes of the teachers and tries to find a more accepting favour for the teachers of English in Gujarat state.

The growth of nationalism in the first half of the Twentieth Century India was closely connected to the anticolonial movement. The ideology of nationalism united the various linguistic and cultural groups of India. Further the spirit of nationalism served an effective weapon for the Indians to fight against the oppressive colonial rule. In Tamil Nadu, as in other parts of India, V.O. Chidambaram Pillai and other swadeshi extremist leaders ventilated anticolonial feelings against British colonial rule aiming at the revival of the glorious sea faring traditions of the Tamils and free India from the unwanted intervention of the British. Swadeshi and boycott were the twin weapons of the Swadeshi Nationalists .V.O. C and other Swadeshi leaders wanted to follow the footsteps of Tilak. V.O.C. pursued the swadeshi ideals through his new enterprise.

India has already marked its presence as one of the fastest growing economies of the world. It has been ranked among the top 10 attractive destinations for inbound investments. Since 1991, the regulatory environment in terms of foreign investment has been consistently eased to make it investor-friendly. The measures taken by the Government are directed to open new sectors for foreign direct investment, increase the sect oral limit of existing sectors and simplifying other conditions of the FDI policy. FDI policy reforms are meant to provide ease of doing business and accelerate the pace of foreign investment in the country.

Devdasi system, in ancient India was considered as an important part of the worship in Hindu temples. It is an old institution formed by dancing girls. This was an important feature of the Hindu temples but it became prominent in early medieval India. Along with north, in south India also a large number of devdasi’s were associated with the Hindu temples. But some of the references show that this system was also prevalent in Buddhist and Jain institutions also. This system was prevalent not only in ancient India but in outside countries also. In early medieval India, a large number of devdasis were employed not only to serve deities but also for the attraction of the visitors who were also a source of income to the temples.

The study is undertaken to identify various traditional tools used for rice cultivation of the Boro people. Agriculture is the main source of the Boro people to their livelihood. The Boro people are one of the aboriginal tribes of Assam. They cultivate mainly rice crop by using their own traditional tools, i.e Plough (Nangal), Yoke (Jungal), Harrow (Mwi), Stick (Laothi), Hoe (Khodal), Khwthiya Bathi, Sickle (Khasi), Baokha, Sukhen, Hasib, Khada, Sandanga, Songrai and Roina.etc. These are the main tools for rice cultivation and used to make those materials at home by themselves from natural resources i.e. Bamboo, woods and iron etc. The information was documented by using observation and discussion methods. In the study some traditional tools were identified and described.

Current work present deals with the experience and efforts of promoting propagation and conservation of some selected plant species from of Western Ghats region of Ahmednagar district. Western Ghats region is one of the important Hot-spot and mega diversity center, popularly known as ‘Sahyadri’. There arte scrub and semi-deciduous type of vegetation. The forest has great potentiality both from economic and botanical point of view. The endemic and medicinal plant species were abundant in this region and can be exploited due to improper management. Harvesting, grazing, shifting cultivation and uprooting of plant species for the purpose of food, fodder and medicines by tribal and local people are found the major cause for their threats. Construction of dams, lakes and roads by improper management are found more dangerous for the destruction of plants.

From the historical point of view the region of Gulbarga district is important as it was the center of the activities of the two powerful kingdoms of the Deccan after the fall of the Chalukyas of Badami. Manyakheta or Malkhed, the capital city of Rastrakutas, and Kalyana or Basavakalyan, the capital of Chalukyas of Kalyana, are situated in this region. These two dynasties played an important part both in political, educational and culture. The region has many ancient centers of education.

Women education is very much important for empowering women and eradicating vile gender inequality. There should be a number of government initiatives for the enhancement of women education. Conditional Cash Transfer schemes provide cash directly to poor households in response to the household/individual fulfilling specific conditions such as minimum attendance of children in schools, and/or attendance at health clinics, participation in immunization and the like. West Bengal government initiated ‘Kanyashree’ is a Conditional Cash Transfer scheme. The core objectives of Kanyashree are to ensure that girls retention in school and delay their marriages till at least age 18. Parents are the important stakeholders of the education system. Present paper was conducted to study the parental attitude towards Kanyashree for facilitating women education. It was a descriptive survey research. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse and interpret parental attitude. Result shows that parental attitude towards Kanyashree for facilitating women education is mostly positive.

The history of Agriculture in India dates back to Indus Valley Civilization Era and even before that in some parts of Southern India. Today, India ranks second in the world farm output, the agricultural sector is the backbone of Indian Economy contributing majorly to the country’s GDP. As on February 2018, it is estimated that over 58% of rural Indians depend on agriculture for their livelihood and this sector contributes around 17-18% to the country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The Indian food industry is poised for huge growth which employs more than 50% of the workforce in India, owing to increase in its contribution to world food trade every year due to its immense potential for value addition, particularly within the food processing industry. Apart from this an average India still spends the major chunk of his/her salary on food. Here’s all that you need to know about agriculture in India. . Banana is a popular fruit that is highly nutritious and delicious. It can be eaten either raw as a daily fruit, as a dessert, or cooked as a tasty tropical dish. Usually, ripe bananas are soft and sweet, and are consumed raw while unripe bananas contain lots of starch and fiber, and are used as a cooking ingredient. . The main objectives of present research work 1) To study the prospects of the banana cultivators. In addition, the cultivation of bananas creates job opportunities for local people, and also plays a vital role in the economy of exporting countries. Most of the bananas used in developed countries are imported.

Dyes are integral part of colorfull world. Textile industries are one of the important industries using highest varieties of dyes, and generates large amount of effluents, variety of synthetic dyestuff released by Textile industries, creating severe threats to environment. More than 70% dyes used by textile industries are azo dyes. During the fixing and manufacturing of these dyes huge amount of waste water is discharged. This water contains toxic chemicals and material. The effect of this polluted water on environment and human life, its treatment to control damage, is the main theme of the paper.

With the globalization and commercialization of the Internet, area names have taken on another centrality as business identifiers. At the point when the Internet was in its early stages, space names were made to fill in as valuable mental helper methods for finding explicit PCs on the Internet. Area names are currently very noticeable in "genuine space" also - appearing on TV plugs, announcements, magazine promotions, and even the sides of transports.

There is a great diversity in the field of International relations regarding the basic principles that shape the International World. The continual outpouring of new theories, thoughts, research methods and areas of intense importance is testimony to the heterogeneity of the field as well as the fertility of academic pens. Because of the diverse intellectual commitments of International Relations professors, a number of approaches have emerged concerning the relations of political communities. This paper studies these approaches and tries to make a case for adaptation as well as expansion in the field of International relations.

“There has been considerable work on the politics of climate change and energy security as separate issue, but much less on the relationship between energy security and climate change. From studies of the climate change, energy security and sustainable development relationship between these concepts in individual states and a comparison of media coverage of energy security in differing states, there appears to be little consistent connection between discourses on and policies for energy security and climate change. Climate change considerations appear to be constructed to promote elite and special- interest interpretations of energy security. It is concluded that efforts at a local, national and global level should be oriented towards promoting climate change objectives to capture energy policy. Otherwise, nationality based conceptions of energy security are likely to predominate over climate change objectives. In the very simple words sustainable means something that has a longer life or pertaining to a system that maintains its own viability and that can be carried forward. In the today’s world the concept of development has been replaced by the term ‘Sustainable Development’. It is because we all have realized that we are chasing the wrong goals on the name of development. Today, even a breath of fresh air, pure drinking water is becoming a luxury because of over exploitation of resources and unorganized pattern of development. Market driven consumerist life style and the greed of man are in itself destructive. So to save our planet, human race, and non-human species, it is much required to make ahead in the sustainable manner with applying Gandhian Philosophy of development”.

For most of history, humans have used commodity currency. Fiat currency is a more recent development, first used around 1000 years ago, and today it is the dominant form of money. But this may not be the end of monetary history. Cryptocurrency is neither commodity money nor fiat money – it is a new, experimental kind of money. The cryptocurrency experiment may or may not ultimately succeed, but it offers a new mix of technical and monetary characteristics that raise different economic questions than other kinds of currency. This article explains what cryptocurrency is and begins to answer the new questions that it raises. To understand why cryptocurrency has the characteristics it has, it is important to understand the problem that is being solved. For this reason, we start with the problems that have plagued digital cash in the past and the technical advance that makes cryptocurrency possible. Once this foundation is laid, we discuss the unique economic questions that the solution raises.

This paper firstly highlights on the various types of environments that exist around the growth of an enterprise , before analysing the opportunities, threats, and innovation as important ingredients of entrepreneurial characteristics. Content analysis methods have been mainly used. The result show that innovation and creativity are the most important factors in the resilience of any enterprise.

This article focuses on skill development in manufacturing sector and deals with the basic concerns like how and why industries need to play the bigger and important role in skill development area under CSR.

M.K. Gandhi expressing his opinion on the Swaraj / home rule which is a very unique identity of cultural resistance. He addresses cultural resistance throughout the book chapter by chapter. His views on modern civilization, passive resistance, social ideology, conditions of India during independence, education and machinery. Passive and cultural context and Indianness to criticizing by British uncultured rules, customs and bravery 0f dividing rule which is paradox of culture.

In the era of information and technology, everyone is using technology-based services to save his time. It brings out a fundamental transformation in the nature of the interaction between company and customer. The use of technology is increasing in the usage of fields of work. The study analyse the various individual characteristics, namely demographics and personality, as predictors of eGovernment portal use. The data were collected from 241 students by questionnaire and analyzed through factor analysis. The technology-readiness index(TRI) is constructed with the factors of enabler and inhibitor and they indicate the overall state of mind toward the use of new technology. Applying factor analysis on this model, some important factors emerged with some features are classified into the category of Technology Motivators and Technology Inhibitors. Caveat emptor is first principal of using the services. Social inclusion is the most important theme of our constitution and different directive principle of state policies.

Due to improvement in road connectivity and other means of communication followed by the expanding global economy in the rural areas, shifting cultivators who were once isolated from the outside economy is increasingly integrating with the urban-based and market economy. In order to seize the opportunities provided by the outside market system, the shifting cultivators’ are adopting innovative land use system, cropping pattern, production and labour arrangement. The shifting cultivators’ not only gathers the household needs especially food requirement but they also generate seasonal income by selling the crops and vegetables in the nearby local markets. And so, shifting cultivation that was done as subsistence farming has become more market-oriented in terms of production relation. Market integration in shifting cultivation not only improves the living condition of the farmers but also led to substantial changes in the practice as well.

The present study was explored to find out the Social capital of Student teachers in Chennai District. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 200 Student teachers in Chennai District. Social capital scale by Malathi.S (2015) was used for data collection. Descriptive anddifferential analysis was done.Results found that there is no significant difference in Social Capital of student teachers based on gender, age, educational qualification, type of family and marital status.

"Violence against women" is comprehended as an infringement of human rights and a type of oppression ladies and will mean all demonstrations of sex based viciousness that outcome in, or are probably going to result in, physical, sexual, mental or monetary damage or enduring to ladies, including dangers of such acts, intimidation or self-assertive hardship of freedom, in the case of happening in broad daylight or in private life.Violence against ladies (VAW), otherwise called sex based brutality, is, all in all, rough demonstrations that are principally or solely dedicated against ladies. In some cases thought about an abhor wrongdoing, this kind of savagery focuses on a particular gathering with the unfortunate casualtys sexual orientation as an essential intention. This kind of brutality is sex based, implying that the demonstrations of savagery are submitted against ladies explicitly in light of the fact that they are ladies. The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states, "violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women" and "violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men.

Women education is very much important for empowering women and eradicating vile gender inequality. There should be a number of government initiatives for the enhancement of women education. Conditional Cash Transfer schemes provide cash directly to poor households in response to the household/individual fulfilling specific conditions such as minimum attendance of children in schools, and/or attendance at health clinics, participation in immunization and the like. West Bengal government initiated ‘Kanyashree’ is a Conditional Cash Transfer scheme. The core objectives of Kanyashree are to ensure that girls retention in school and delay their marriages till at least age 18. Parents are the important stakeholders of the education system. Present paper was conducted to study the parental attitude towards Kanyashree for facilitating women education. It was a descriptive survey research. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse and interpret parental attitude. Result shows that parental attitude towards Kanyashree for facilitating women education is mostly positive.

Excess ultrasonic velocity (UE) and excess Gibb’s free energy of activation function (G*E) have been calculated at four temperatures T=(303.15,308.15,313.15 and 318.15)K in binary liquid mixtures of methanol with quinoline by using the experimentally measured data of ultrasonic sound velocities, viscosities and densities. All these excess parameters have been fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial expression. These results have been explained on the basis of molecular interactions present in the liquid mixtures.

Song of Solomon is a sweeping epic of a novel, and Morrison relates much more than the story of Milkmans quest for his family heritage. She also gives us one of her greatest characters in the fiery Pilate, a strange and magical woman, born without a navel. And there is a remarkable subplot involving Milkmans friend Guitar, who joins a secret society called the Seven Days, a vigilant group that kills White people at random in revenge for the murder of the Blacks. The novel ends with Milkman, having discovered the secrets of his family history, leaping fearlessly from a cliff, convinced that he now knows that his ancestors knew: if you surrendered to the air, you could ride it. The myth of flying was something Morrison had heard about throughout her childhood. The Black men usually adored the image of flight for various reasons, whereas the Black women were always rooted in a place for family coherence and continuity. But Morrison creates Pilate with the qualities of men, who always wandered and migrated from place to place, but at the same time, Morrison portrays her as a preserver, who preserves and passes her family tradition to Milkman. Toni Morrison presents a view of internalized racism, which is the result of blacks who have come to view themselves through white eyes. Also highlighted are the white supremacist attitudes of both blacks and whites. Morrison gives her characters biblical names in order to align them with well-known figures. Almost all of the characters in Song of Solomon are black. The few white characters represent violence and wrongdoing. The healing power of song is a common theme in African-American culture where it allows people to share experiences.

In the present study an attempt has been made to investigate achievement motivation of General, SC and OBC Arts students. For this study the questionnaire of achievement motivation test (ACMT) by V.P. Bhargava has been used as tools. The results shows that General Art, students have higher achievement motivation as compared to SC and OBC Arts students. However, OBC students have better achievement motivation as compared to SC students.

Leh, the sub-district of Ladakh region located at a high altitude plateau and much closer to its glaciers and cryospheres which are the lifeline of inhabitants, are more vulnerable to the impact of climate change. For last half a decade Ladakh has started experiencing unprecedented cloudbursts, flash-floods, mudslides and avalanches thereby causing widespread death and destruction. The TransHimalayan Ladakh parched on altitude of 3000 metre above sea level, offers a high degree of radiation even at these subtropical latitudes. On the other hand the thinness of the atmosphere makes the heat of the sun actually greater than those on other Indian plains. Many locals metaphorically suppose that this is the only place one can be both exposed to severe sunburn and frostbitten at the same time. Climatic chaos, more agreeably, has scientific attribution to global warming and climate change but most of the inhabitants of Leh specifically the Buddhists, associate the eventual causes to karmic retribution and the wrath of an agentive sentient landscape. The Buddhist monastic incumbents are considered as traditional mediators between the human world and the sentient landscape explains supernatural retribution as the result of karmic demerit that requires ritual intervention. Undeniably, influence of Buddhist philosophy for conserving natural resources of the region, have offered a new interdisciplinary lens to capture the interdependency of nature and human existence. In such a backdrop, the present paper explores environmental problems in regard to the agrarian social setting of villages guided by Buddhist rituals and traditions where Buddhism is followed by 66.40 percent of the district population in Leh district of Ladakh region in the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

Floods and flash floods are common water related natural disaster in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Flooding mostly affects large areas in the lower catchment region where as flash flood which principally occurs due to cloud burst in the upper catchment area. The study was conducted on hydro-meteorological vulnerability of river Swan and its associated hazardscape. Swan is a tributary of the Sutlej river and having total length of about 85 km out of which 65 km falls in Himachal Pradesh. River Swan experiences flooding every year and is known as “the sorrow of Himachal Pradesh”. The objective of the study was to understand the nature of hazardscape and it’s space time manifestations and to evaluate the physical susceptibility to flood and associated hazards and their degree of risk. An attempt has also been made to assess the scale of human vulnerability, resilience to hazards and disasters. Both primary and secondary data sources were used. Based on these data sources the study has attempted to understand the hazardscape in terms of spatio-temporal distribution, physical and human factor responsible for vulnerability of places and people and identification of potential spaces for disaster in the study area. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques namely observation, survey, measurement and visual representation were used for analysis. In this study we found that after the channelization of Swan river the frequency of floods become low and the forest department of Himachal play an important role in this area by planting trees in both side of Swan River. However, there is a need to strengthen and diversify livelihood.

In India there is an amalgam of 437 tribes, and in Odisha the number is sixty two. According to latest date, in Odisha the total strength of tribal population is approximately seven million which constitutes 22.21 per cent of the total population of the State.

The easy accessibility of the internet has served us with many purposes and benefits. Internet has also it evils too and one being child pornography, as videos on the internet about child are easily available and child pornography have increased rapidly over the years. The pornography business has moved toward becoming multi million dollar industry and kids become the most heartbreaking casualties of this dim world.

The present investigation analyzed that Goodness of Fit Test and a total correlation coefficientof scores on the Teacher’s Self-Efficacy Scaleacross the sample of 50 teachers of Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu, India.Selfefficacy theory posits that self-efficacy persuasions are connected to exact exercises.The reference indicates for decisions tend to be innate within the task prerequisites. Therefore it was assumed that the Teacher Self-Efficacy included fourdimensionexercises to be specificPerformance outcomes, Self-Modelling,Verbal Encouragement,andEmotional State. The table shows that nine items are detained on the scale. And, 41 items are selected out of 50 items. The reliability of Teacher’s Self-Efficacy Scale was established by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and Split Half methods. The split-half reliability value is 0.744 (N=41), and the Cronbach’s alpha reliability value is 0.900 (N=41).

The primary aim of the study was to analyze and compare the agility of school going students in relation to different sports (Kabaddi, Kho-Kho and Football). For the purpose of this study 30 school students were selected as subject of the study from different sport. Ten from each sports i.e. 10 from Kabaddi, 10 from Kho-Kho and 10 from Football. The data were collected by administrating shuttle run test for agility..The level of significance was set at 0.05 levels to check the Agility of subject. The one way ANOVA was applied as statistical procedure. There was no significant difference found among students of different sports in relation to agility.

Indian Railway network is the second largest railway network in the world and counted as a most preferred and affordable mode of transport for both short distance commuters and long distance travellers. Apart from travelling venture, the Indian Railway also deals in catering services. Initially all catering provisions were handled by different zones of Indian Railways but since year 1999 IRCTC made responsible to cater to travelling passengers. Currently, catering services at railway station are provided by IRCTC and its authorized service providers. Besides this, unauthorized vendors are also found in dealing with catering services. This presented study has been conducted at Gwalior Railway Station to get an insight of catering services with respect to passengers’ satisfaction level. It analyses that whether provided catering services are acceptable among travelling passengers or not. The not acceptable areas are identified then recommended with suggestions for their improvement.

In the modern era, the Socio-economic conditions in rural areas are the main concern, particularly in developing society. Over a period of time, a socio-economic condition in village areas continues improving. The Central as well state government has implemented various programmes and policies to improve socio-economic conditions of the population in the village areas. But according to the economic point of view, in rural areas, people could not develop uniformly in the region. Even within a small village, various types of economic groups are established. Thus our main purpose of this research paper is an attempt to study the real socio-economic conditions of the population of various income groups in a village. The complete study is based on primary data which was collected by personal interaction with a standardized questionnaire by the researcher. In the whole study, data have been classified into four income classes and only percentage method is used to analyse the real situation. In this study, it was found that 38 per cent of the population’s monthly per capita income is below Rs 2000 and only 10 per cent of the population`s monthly per capita income is above Rs 8000. From this study, it is found that only a few percentages of villagers have the benefit of a better life with all facilities but most of the people live in uncertain conditions.

In today’s world of modernization, industrialization, westernization there is degradation of human values and lack of spirituality, which is the main reason of discontent among the common masses. The students are not able to cope up with the daily life stress and problem which they face at every step. There is unbalanced development of science and technology and ambition and discontentment at all walks of life. Education without character building is the main drawback of the present education system in India. This would result in dangerous consequences in the future and so there is a great need for a complete reorientation of values in the field of education. Education in any country would depend to a large extent on its political, social strength, cultural heritage and development needs. The educational philosophy of Dayanand Saraswati’s contains in it all that is required for a complete regeneration of India’s national life in all its phases.

India is a developing country having the second largest arable land in the world. Agriculture is the main source of sustenance for both developing and under developed countries. In countries like India, women’s position is not as strong as men both economically and socially and she faces more constraints than men. They cannot relocate easily. Women in rural areas have to manage multiple activities like maintaining home, making food, arranging water etc. and they are working in farms also. So, they are living hard life. All the activities performed by rural women is essential for the well-being of the rural households, still they are not defined as ‘economically active employment’ in national accounts. In India, 24 percent to total workers work as female cultivators and 41.1 percent to total workers work as female agricultural labourers. Past studies also relieved that because of less education, unawareness about the laws, poverty and gender discrimination, women workers face many problems. Also, few studies show that in some parts of the nation women workers are being paid less than the male workers. This Paper reviews past research studies to highlight the role and position of women workers in agricultural sector.

Life on the earth is never possible without water. Water is one of the essential constituents of the environments. This study was designed to assess the quality of ponds water in Golden fish pond, Karanthai, Thanjavur District (10.780N, 79.130E), Tamilnadu, India. state has been evaluated on a seasonal bass is from Aug 2016 to Jul 2017. The water sample were sample were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters like Colour, pH, COD, BOD and Nitrate, etc. The parameter assessed pH (7.596± 0.197), BOD (149 ±1.41), COD (79.5 ±7.77). The experimental values of various physicohemical parameters of water sample rests were largely. This study will study will and fish farmers on the necessary treatment needed to effectively use water from this source for fish farming.

The role of women in development is directly related to the goal of comprehensive social and economic development and is fundamental to the development of all societies. Development means total development, including in development in the political, social, economic and cultural and other dimension of human life, as well as the development of economic and other material resources and the physical, moral, intellectual, cultural growths o human beings. It should be conducive to providing women particularly those who are poor and destitute, with the necessary means for increasing claiming, achieving and enjoying the equality of opportunity. More directly, the increasingly successful participation to each woman in societal activities as a largely independent agent will contribute further recognisation in practice of her right to equality. This paper seeks to explore different approaches, which explain how women can be involved to the development process abreast how to empower women through the development process is possible?

The economy does not always work smoothly. There often occurs fluctuations in the level of economic activities. At times the economy finds itself in the grip of recession when levels of national income, output and employment are far below their full potential levels. During recession, there is a lot of idle or unutilized productive capacity, that is, available machines and factories are not working to their full capacities. As a result, unemployment of labour increases along with the existence of excess capital stock. On the other hand, at times the economy is ‘over heated’ which means inflation (i.e. rising prices) occurs in the economy. Thus, in a free market economy there is a lot of economic instability. The classical economists believed that an automatic mechanism works to restore stability in the economy, recession would cure itself and inflation will be automatically controlled.

Business enterprise as a region of significance has risen multi crease throughout the most recent couple of decades around the globe and over the most recent few decades in India. Enterprise has turned into a regular trendy expression. Policymakers, market analysts, scholastics and even college understudies are discussing it. Classes, meetings and workshops are being sorted out each year over the world which stressed on the significance of business to nation, society just as for the individual advancement. Today, there is an unavoidable issue brought up in the brains of the administration understudies for example "Which approach to go" either to go authoritative improvement or to pick business enterprise as a profession. It has been all around perceived that the vocation decision is an exceptionally muddled and multifaceted procedure and will assume a vital job in the life and advancement of understudies. To give a profound understanding to responds to these inquiries the present investigation is additionally examine about the understudies frame of mind towards Entrepreneur. What kinds of boundaries they are confronting while at the same time choosing business person as a vocation.

In traditional financial system it has been assumed that, investors are smart, rational and they make right decisions at right time, with correct information at hand, but this assumption is not true in reality.Behavioral finance is there working and influencing the financial decisions, it has been growing since 1980s specifically because of the observation that investors rarely behave according to the assumptions made in traditional finance theory.This conceptual paper intends to studythe behavioral finance and its ascendancy in investment decision making and to find out the difference in traditional financial system and Behavioural Finance.

This paper concentrated on the empowerment of women in an ancient period which dominated by women scholars’ like yajnavalkya, Gargi, and Maitreyi. Women enjoyed the rights to choose their life partners and in the ancient Tamil country. In the context of the prevalence of gender party, the researcher found out empowerment of women, political empowerment, gender equality, women reflected in the Goddess, status of women, and religious customs and convention. In short, the status of women was not low in Vedic India. Women of the Vedic period enjoyed ample rights in the social and religious fields, limited rights in economic and political fields.

This research aims to highlight the importance of the strategies developed in the Multifunctional Resource Room, through the Specialized Educational Attendance and the influence they can exert in the school context in front of the process of learning and inclusion of students with and without disabilities. In this way, this article describes the actions and activities developed with the implementation of the Multifunctional Resource Room, through projects focused on the reduction of barriers found in the understanding and dynamics of its use by students, parents and teachers, in Teaching Fundamental in the College of Application of the Federal University of Roraima, through actions that make possible the integration, continuous training and expositions of works. Thus, it elucidates inclusive pedagogical practices, which make this space a place of learning and exchange of experiences by all that make up the school environment, making this room a place of experiences that involve Special Education in an inclusive way.

Este artigo propõe e discute um modelo de trabalho que se baseia em estímulos visuais para a aprendizagem de línguas orais na modalidade escrita; é um modelo para facilitar a aquisição de crianças surdas no período de alfabetização. Este trabalho toma como ponto de partida a alfabetização como algo que transcende um mero conceito de leitura e escrita, mas que engloba a aquisição de conhecimentos eo desenvolvimento dehabilidades cognitivas a qual precisamos parar para pensar, compreender, e sobretudo: comunicar. A perspectiva defendida pelos proponentes da"multialfabetizações"é utilizado para formar um modelo que explica como o desenvolvimento de alfabetização das crianças surdas podem ser apoiadas através Librascomo sistema de comunicaçãoe vários outros estímulos visuais que conduzem a aprendizagem. O modelo incorpora componentesde aquisição de Libras, estímulos visuais, letramento, português na modalidade escrita, alfabetização, cultura surda, e uma grande variedade de mídias. Esse trabalho visa ampliar o diálogo em curso sobreo desenvolvimento da alfabetização de crianças surdas, oferecendo uma proposta baseada em um conceito bastante holístico de alfabetização, conhecimentos de uma amplamatriz de resultados de pesquisas e construções teóricas e reconhecimentoda necessidade de observar a tendência natural dos alunos surdos de aprenderatravés da visão.

The fortitude of the study was to find the effect of resistance, endurance and combined training on selected high and low density lipoprotein. To achieve this purpose of the study, sixty male students age ranged between 18 to 25 were randomly selected as subjects from the department of physical education, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. They were divided into four equal groups, each group consisting of fifteen subjects in which group-I underwent resistance training, group-II underwent endurance training, group-III underwent combined resistance and endurance training and group-IV acted as control group who did not participate in any special training. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variables such as high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein prior to and immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variables such as high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were measured by using the Boehringer Mannheim Kit method. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to find out significant difference if any between experimental and control group. In all cases .05 level of confidence was utilized to test the significance. After analysis of data, the results shows that the endurance training and combined training groups have reduced the level of low density lipoprotein and improved the level of high density lipoprotein significantly but the resistance training group did not reduced the level of low density lipoprotein and improved the level of high density lipoprotein. However three were no significant differences in improving the selected criterion variables among all the three experimental groups.

Financial system plays an important role in the economic development of the country because of the advent of information technology there is a change in the banking sector which has paved was for the introduction of retail electronic payment system & has progressed in the recent years in various countries & India has left no way behind. The implementation of internet in banking organizations has modernized the banks. Implementing the internet banking approach has benefited the both i.e. customer as well as bank.

In agriculture, agribusiness is a generic term that refers to the various business in evolved in food production, including farming, seed supply agrichemicals, form machinery, wholesale and distribution, processing, marketing and retail sales. The term has two distinctly different connotations depending on context.

Education has the power to make a human being to a civilized human being. Education provides insight to the human mind and become aware about their duties and rights. An educated man can make a difference by playing their role of good citizen who are busy in activities like research, innovation, art, invention and other activities which helps the human kind to make the society and country prosperous. To achieve the objectives of advancement and development of any country education play an important role. To improve and maintain the quality education, new development through research is needed because research is the backbone of any society and country. For research various resources are needed which is known as investment in research. It is the first rule of sound development. Investment plays as a role of input which is directly related to output and development. ICTs have an important role to play in changing and modernizing teacher education and ways of learning by research. Globalization and technological changes provides the information through which one can access and use for better purpose such as development. Education Commission under the chairmanship of D.S Kothari suggested that University should establish teaching and research department in Education, UGC should help in maintaining the standard of teacher education and many more suggestions for the betterment of research and training. In the present paper the author has attempted to explore information and communication technology as a source of research in teacher education.

The main aim of this study is to identify the relationship between B.Ed. students’ awareness on their survival skills and their achievement in the course paper. In this study, there are particularly two objectives to be obtained. They are: i) to identify the survival skills which B.Ed. student-teachers possess in terms of its dimension, ii) to find out the relationship between B.Ed. student-teachers’ awareness on their survival skills and their achievement in the course paper - “learning and teaching”. In this context, this study was carried over among 34 B.Ed. first year student-teachers with the background of various streams at undergraduate level. The data were collected in the form of questionnaire and a written test. The collected data were analysed descriptively. Result revealed that there is relation between awareness on survival skill and achievement [significant at the 0.05 level]. Most of the student-teachers agreed sometimes they use survival-skills (48%) and 42% were recorded as always.

Andhra Pradesh is one of the major states in producing Paddy in India. Paddy is the principle food crop providing food for the growing population, fodder to the cattle and employment to the rural masses. The main source of irrigation is canals, tube wells, tanks and other sources. As the Paddy farmers in Andhra Pradesh are not able to get better returns it resulted in down fall of Paddy output, so Paddy cultivation has become uneconomic over the years. Unless the central and state Governments extend their support to the farmers, they may not be able to take up Paddy cultivation actively. In Andhra Pradesh Paddy cultivators have been facing various problems like very lesser levels of reasonable price for their output even though there is enormous increase in the cost of cultivation. Weeding, fertilizers, plant protection measures, irrigations for raising a good Paddy crop, then harvested and threshed. Keeping in view the importance of research in this area, the present study is made an attempt to study the Paddy production in Andhra Pradesh with special importance on Tadepalligudem mandal (Madhavaram and Jagannadhapuram two villages) in West Godavari Districtof Andhra Pradesh. The compound growth rate of area and production shows the negative growth rate over the base period (2006-07) while the productivity has positive compound growth rate indicating the productivity over the base period.The average value of production per acre was highest for marginal farmers (Rs. 37079.43) followed by small farmers (Rs. 36159.63) and medium and large farmers (Rs. 34205.06).The cost varies from Rs.1006 in small farmers to Rs.1271 in medium and large farmers and Rs.1131 for all types of farmers.The present study would design to examine the trends in area, production and productivity at state and West Godavari district level, cost and return and Farm size and Value of Paddy Production.

The intention of the study was to evaluate the impact of circuit training with and without resistance on selected physical fitness components of volleyball players. To achieve this purpose, 36 male volleyball players from various colleges affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh were selected as subjects. They were divided into three equal groups and each group consisted of 12 subjects. Group-I performed circuit training, group-II performed circuit resistance training and group-III acted as control. The training period for both the experimental groups was twelve weeks and control group who did not participate any special training apart from the regular activities. The dependent variables tested were speed, muscular strength and Cardio respiratory endurance. The data collected from the three groups prior to and after the training period were statistically examined for significant difference if any, by applying Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Since three groups were involved, Scheffe S test was used as post-hoc test to find out any difference between the groups. The result of the study shows that there was significant improvement on selected physical fitness components such as speed, muscular strength and cardio respiratory endurance of volleyball players due to the impact of circuit training with and without resistance.

Evaluating the works of contemporary authors with an apt yardstick is not an easy task. I would like to start this paper by defining the difference between myth and legend. A myth is not based on the fact, but is a type of symbolic storytelling. For example, the Norse people didn’t know the truth behind the thunder and lightning. But they invented the myth of Thor and his hammer. Whereas a legend contains the facts and an exaggerated story of fact to the point that real people or events take on a "larger than life" quality. For example, Robin Hood might have been true, but most of the stories about him are exaggerated or folkloric. History and myth, like fact and fiction, have often been represented as opposites. When we define the word. Myth in colloquial terms, we often refer to an untrue story or anything that is opposed to reality. Here Amish Tripathi has used the myth of ancient India and alter the myth without harming the religious sentiments of the readers.

Consumo de energia nos últimos anos tornou-se um aspecto importante em projetos de sistemas embarcados. A produção e utilização em larga escala dos dispositivos móveis tem imposto uma variedade de restrições a estes sistemas, como: peso, tamanho, tempo de vida útil da bateria e funcionalidades complexas. Dispositivos móveis operam sob uma fonte de energia limitada cuja autonomia e tempo de vida útil estão diretamente relacionados ao consumo de energia das aplicações. Estas questões contribuíram para incluir o consumo de energia como métrica de qualidade no projeto de sistemas embarcados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma abordagem de medição, estimação e comparação do consumo de energia de código de programas escritos em linguagem ANSI-C, baseados em ensaios de códigos previamente escolhidos com características de consumo de energia e no tempo de execução. Para dar suporte à abordagem uma ferramenta de estimação chamada PESTI foi estendida para atender múltiplos cenários probabilísticos. Um programa escrito em linguagem ANSI-C é embarcado em um processador da família ARM7 é inserido neste programa flags de sinalização para start e stop, para medirmos o consumo de energia e o tempo de execução do código, um hardware chamado de caracterizador de consumo de energia auxiliará na medição em tempo real de execução do trecho do código. A ferramenta de estimação já estendida para a atribuição de múltiplos cenários probabilísticos, para um programa escrito em ANSI-C anotado e traduzido em um gráfico de fluxo de controle. Este modelo é simulado probabilisticamente utilizando o Método de Monte Carlo. Validamos a abordagem proposta executando um conjunto de experimentos para mostrar a viabilidade da extensão da ferramenta de estimação e o caracterizador, que em conjunto, tornarão as estimativas de consumo de energia viabilizável.

level, with higher labour-capital ratio, provide better prospects of creating more opportunities for employment1. Rural artisans engaged in village and cottage industries producing for and servicing the needs of the farming community and lower income groups, increase the potential of the rural economy. The artisans engaged in cottage and tiny (micro) enterprises are provided with working capital by state Bank of India (SBI) in order to enable them to purchase raw material, meet expenses on rental, wages, electricity taxes, marketing, transport and storage etc. The artisans are also supplied investment credit or medium / long term credit by SBI for purchase of operational tools and equipment, construction of sheds etc. The very purpose of this bank credit is to enable them to develop the activities and encourage production of goods and services which facilitate the rural artisans to rise above the poverty line. The State Bank of India has been providing loans and advances to artisans for taking us self-employment generating activities by using the locally available raw materials. The very purpose of bank loan is to help enhance the income levels of the rural artisans by pumping more of money, thereby promoting the rural economy. An attempt is made in here to analyze the impact of bank credit provided by SBI on employment generation of the sample rural artisans in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. The incremental employment generation has varied from 134 man-days to 184 man-days. The highest incremental employment generation is found in the case of tailoring and embroidery (184 man-days), followed by ‘other category’ i.e. brick making (166 man-days), shoe and chapel- making (163 man-days), carpentry and stone carving (162 man-day); whereas, the lowest incremental employment generation is noticed is mat and basket weaving (134 mandays) followed by hand -loom weavers (141 man-days) blacksmiths (145 man-days) and goldsmiths (151 man-days).The analysis shows that there is an impressive and significant growth in employment generation among the sample artisans. Hence, the null hypothesis, namely impact of SBI loans on employment generation among the samplebeneficial is not significant, is rejected.

The recent boom in the housing sector has given rise to low cost flooring tiles. These are an option for all range of consumers, who have the choice to select flooring tiles to suit their budget. The present study aimed to find out the awareness of low cost floor tiles among the consumers in Shivamogga city, Karnataka. Purposive random sampling technique was employed, and sample size comprised of 50 consumers in Shivamogga city, Karnataka. A self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Salient findings revealed that majority of the consumers were aware of low cost flooring tiles in Shivamogga city, Karnataka.

Dalit short fiction is a flourishing form in Dalit literature. The entire universe of Dalit experience and feeling seems to have descended into short fiction. Dalit short stories are an attempt to establish social values and bring out certain hidden aspects. Innumerable aspects of an individual as well as social experience reveal themselves. It can be seen standing up against human existence, social justice, and human equality, of the dawn of a new life. The expression of the customs, the way of life as well the hopes and aspirations of the Dalit community give shape to a different world altogether. There is a need for intense exploration of Dalit experience which is hidden in Dalit short fiction.

Religion implies a solid confidence in an otherworldly power or powers that control human fate. This is the source of pride and a means of identification with a distinct culture. But, profound identification with one religion can lead supporters into conflicts with followers of other religions. Religion has played an important role in Indian society from the very beginning. India is a multireligious society in which Hindus are majority followed by Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains. Religion in India has never been static. Today it has made inroads into the arenas of politics and economic life. The country has no official state religion, but religion plays a central role in Indian daily life through its temple ceremonies, festivals, pilgrimages, family religious traditions etc. Diversity and tolerance with reference to religions are both established in the country by the law and custom. The Constitution of India has declared the right to freedom of religion to be a fundamental right. Geographers distinguish two kinds of religions i.e. universalizing and ethnic. An ethnic religion contrasts from a universalizing religion in that it commonly has an increasingly grouped geographic circulation. The ethnic religion with the biggest number of adherents is Hinduism. Hinduism is the world’s third largest religion and more than 99 percent of its followers are lived in India. The aim of the present paper is to examine population trends of different religious groups in India since independence from a geographical perspective.

The study seeks to ascertain whether co-operative learning strategy is effective for development of interpersonal relationships among secondary school students. The study adopted an untreated control group, pre-test, and post-test quasi-experimental design. The examination was directed on 90 English medium understudies of standard IX concentrating in APS School, Bengaluru associated to the KSEEB Board. The cooperative learning strategy treated as independent variable and interpersonal relationships considered as dependent variable. Interpersonal Relationships Scale developed by the researcher to know the interpersonal relationships among students. The researcher developed instructional plan based on Co-operative Learning strategy and traditional lecture method. In the present investigation, instructional plan on units that is Probability (Arithmetic), Variation (Algebra) and Circles (Geometry) was developed. The techniques used under Co-operative Learning strategy in the present investigation included learning together, workshop, task sheet and evaluation. The techniques used to test the hypothesis included independent ‘t’ test. The study found that the effect of the co-operative learning strategy on students’ interpersonal relationship. This present study contributed to an understanding of how cooperative learning strategy by using learning together could be used effectively for teaching mathematics and also develops interpersonal relationship among the groups. Learners have their own distinct strengths and challenges they bring to the classroom. These attributes are not always conducive to cooperative learning. Teachers need to learn how to create strong interpersonal relationships focused on learning and supporting their peers. By creating and fostering these relationships will students truly achieve abilities.

Growth is not a single aim of any economy, but it is drafted to eliminate poverty, encourage employment and promote development. Reducing poverty, creating new job and increase income is compelling for development. Job creation through economy growth enhances opportunities for employment which in turn increase income of low living standard person. Thus both are depended each other to promote. It is considered that there is a positive correlation between employment and economic growth. But available statically information of Indian economy shows that Indian average growth rate is approximately 7% during last decade. With high growth rate performance, however it is failed to generate employment. Data indicate a slow down job creation. This paper focuses on main reason behind it and suggests how policy maker can encourage job creation and achieve sustainable inclusive growth of the economy.

This paper elaborately discussed the way in which of attaining effects of globalization in India and its different spheres in detail. Globalization is a major factor in this competitive world that integrates and mobilizes cultural values of people at global level. In the age of rapid technical sequence, so many countries are incorporated and converted due to the process of globalization. Globalization has a vast impact on cultural, social, monetary, political, and communal life of countries. Plentiful theoretical studies expressed that globalization mediates in a cultural life of general public that raises numerous significant issues (Robertson, 1992). In broad the term ‘globalization’ means permutation of economy and society throughout the cross country flows of information, plans, knowledge, goods, services, assets, funding and people. Globalization has been described by philosophers as the process through which the society and economy are put together through cross border streams of ideas, communication, technology, capital, people, finance, goods, services and information. The author tries to portray the real impact of globalization in the society in India and how far it helps to activate sustainability and faster growth rate in India under the regime of globalised milleau.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees employment of every rural household for 100 days, has different progressive provisions which incentivize higher participation of women in the programme. Official data suggest that 47% of all MGNREGA workers are women. Empowerment of women is pre-condition for sustainable and inclusive growth for any society. Empowerment aims at building capacities and creating suitable conditions to enable women to index overall development. This paper analyzes the role of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee in bringing about change in the lives of women and thereby contributing to their empowerment and the reasons for migration in slack seasons in few blocks of South 24 Parganas.

A geração de resíduos medicamentosos é uma preocupação atual na gestão da segurança ambiental, frente a negligencia de políticas públicas somado ao desconhecimento dos danos ambientais do descarte de medicamentos ou seus resíduos sem um tratamento adequado que a população não sabe ao descartar em lixos domésticos ou em esgotos. Com o avançar da tecnologia na produção de medicamentos, também há a preocupação da dificuldade de biodegradabilidade das embalagem e toxicidade ou dano ambiental mais intenso como no caso de resíduos hormonais e antimicrobianos, onde a mesma evolução não ocorreu nas definições de responsabilidades da logística reversa por parte das indústrias farmacêuticas, distribuidoras e farmácias comunitárias. O descarte inadequado gera bactérias mais resistentes, altera a biologia aquática de mananciais e peixes como disfunção reprodutiva e até potencial dano à saúde humana com o consumo de animais contaminados ao longo de anos com resíduos medicamentosos. Um bom plano de gerenciamento de resíduos oriundos de serviços de saúde é fundamental para um meio ambiente saudável para as futuras gerações. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho traz a proposta de acompanhar e esclarecer de acordo com aspectos regulatórios vigentes, como ocorre processos ambientalmente seguros da destinação correta dos resíduos medicamentosos e seus respectivos reaproveitamento em processo de reciclagem em uma usina na cidade de Manaus/AM, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza aplicada, descritiva através de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, descrevendo o procedimentos da cadeia envolvida na gestão de resíduos medicamentosos e seu respectivo destino ambientalmente seguro. Como resultado foi obtido um processo de incineração ambientalmente seguro, sem geração de resíduos dispersos no ar durante o processo de incineração com a veiculação em meio aquoso e posteriormente filtrado para obtenção de um resíduo utilizado na produção de massa asfáltica sendo assim desnecessário o aterro dos resíduos. Mas também foi constatado que a forma de gestão de documentos podem ser melhoradas para um bom processo de rastreabilidade e a promoção da ECOFARMACOVIGILÂNCIA.

The Indian economy has experienced large swings in growth and inflation over the past decade.The rapid pace of growth in recent years has seen India become the third largest economy in the world. With the improvement in the economic scenario, there have been various investments in various sectors of the economy. Policymakers need to be watchful and address the current macroeconomic challenges for a sustainable and fruitful recovery.

Digital Economy is Repidly developing world wide. It is the one of the most important drivers of innovation competitveness and growth. Smooth Simple and secure payment process will help to pring about behavioural changes and faster adopting of digital payment and banking among un-banking segment’s. Singapore, Finland, Sweden, Norway and USA, is the must digitilzed countires in the world. Until India is Traditionally a cash based Economy recently announced the biggest and most ambitious move to crack down black money and move toward digitization and cashless economy. This paper focus on the journey of cash to cashless economy and impact of cashless transactions on economy. Indian government also inclined to transform Indian backing system from traditionaly branch based practices to technology driven cashless banking and for this. It provides enough opportunities such as increasing mobile & internet peneration disposable income, ensuring life style etc accelerate digital transactions while in the opposite side rural India lags urban areas in not just internet penetration but also in internet access for online financial transaction due to lacks of electricity and so on.

The present study was carried out to assess mental toughness among national male fencers on the basis of their sports achievement. 80 national male fencers (23.12 yrs) took part in this study. Out of the total selected subjects, 40 male fencers were medal winners while 40 male fencers were non-medal winners in national level tournament. Mental toughness of selected male fencers was assessed with the help of mental toughness questionnaire prepared by Tiwari (2007). Independent sample t test revealed that medal winner national male fencers possesses significantly more magnitude of mental toughness as compared to non-medal winner national male fencers. Results are discussed in the light of established theories of mental toughness.

Haryana is largely a semi-arid region. Where mean annual rainfall varies between 300 to 1000 mm. Hence a large part of a state experience soil moisture deficiency. Even during rainy (Southeast Monsoon) season, the rainfall is not sufficient to meet the soil moisture requirements. The cropping season during winter (rabi) receives rainfall in a very small amount. The cultivation of crops on the sustained basis in areas like Haryana is possible only with the help of irrigation. In the erstwhile Punjab, of which Haryana was a constituent, various means were employed for irrigation for a long time. However, in traditional agriculture, irrigation was assigned merely a protective role. It provided insurance against the vagaries of rainfall such as drought and dry spells. But with the adoption of high-yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers and mechanization, irrigation has become the chief ingredient of the recipe of agricultural development.

Current research paper shall pursue the discussion on the disability of the body and the initiatives at the national to curtail the bias on the such ground. Following Indian society particularly in the poor and rural areas needs to be educated about physical and mental disability and about how it can be cured or alleviated. It must be impressed upon people that the disables person has as may rights as any other and that he is not to be regarded as an inconvenient burden. Researcher has focused on the national laws for the treatment which afford equal treatment to those who are disabled or are differently abled. The progress of Indian government in framing the laws to keep pace with the international implementations, has been put into question in the present study.

Naipaul and Narayan share many things in common. Their commendable mastery over the English Language is mostly a legacy of British imperialism which had its sway over India and West Indies for a considerable period. As a member of the third generation Indian immigrant Brahmin community of Trinidad, V.S. Naipaul shares with R.K. Narayan, though he himself denies it, the Hindu religious past and the cultural heritage of traditional India. In their collective unconscious to borrow a Jungian phrase, both Naipaul and Narayan are likely to keep the racial memory of the Vedic past, the Hindu religious myths and legends along with various socio religious practices observed by their ancestors. The great Indian epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata are also common to these novelists. Yet surprisingly enough, striking contradictions are found in the overall influential effect of the common core of cultural heritage upon their minds.

Healthy life style is the choice of consumers of the present decade. Organic products serve the purpose of eating and following the healthy life style. The word organic denotes, it does not use toxic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers or GMO’s (Genetically Modified Organisms) in production. The present paper aims to study the relationship between health benefits and purchasing pattern of organic products. To achieve the core aim of the study the other factors like price, age, income and occupation were also considered as independent factors in influencing purchase of organic products. In this study, the opinion of 60 respondents who consumes organic products were surveyed. The major findings were, irrespective of age, income and occupation people prefer organic products due to its health benefits.

The present study aims at finding the effect of computer mediated instruction on achievement of secondary school biology students of Chandigarh in relation to intelligence. Researchers conducted this study to know that which of the instructional strategy is more useful to improve the achievement in biology and which intelligence group will get more benefit of instructional strategies. For this purpose, experiment carried out involved pre-test posttest control group design with two groups of students, each imparted instruction with different instructional strategy. The group, taught through Computer Mediated Instruction (CMI) was taken as experimental group while the group taught through Traditional Instruction (TI) was taken as control group. The classifying variable was intelligence and dependent variable was achievement in Biology. Researchers selected 120 students from the senior secondary schools of Chandigarh, and then classified them into two intelligence groups (high and average) using Raven’s Progressive Matrices and further distributed into two groups CMI and TI. t-test was used to find out the significant differences. The results of the study revealed that students taught through CMI showed significantly better results in achievement in biology as compared to that taught through TI; both the groups (high and average intelligence) showed improvement in achievement in biology after treatment.

Esteem training enables the understudies to value the basic correspondingly among Qualities and Aptitudes to guarantee continued satisfaction and success, which are the center desires of every person.

Information and communication technology is an important part of governance in today’s era. ICT is helping the governments in smooth, efficient and effective functioning of various services and also increasing the productivity of governance-related activity. E-governance performs the function in order to simplify, more accountable, responsive, transparent, governance system. It is a new path between citizens and the government. It comprises the decisional process and also helps to do activity in the faith of public affairs. The main purpose of focusing governance is to improve the administrative process. Government aim is the welfare of people with good governance practice. Social empowerment also emphasis for connecting or develop the society with redistribution resource. For the redistribution of resources, Government needs a proper connectivity. With the help of ICT, the government can ensure the best e-Governance practice. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of ICT in governance and EGovernance services in Haryana.

The banana is considered to be one of the most primitive, cultivated tropical fruits in India which ranks next to mango in area and production. It is not only the staple food of millions of people, but also the most important commercial fruit of the tropical areas of the world. The study find out on banana Cultivation for especially to analyse the socio-economic conditions as well as to assess the cost and benefits, family size and land holdings of banana cultivators in Thirupparaithurai, Srirangam Taluk, Trichirappalli District of banana with 100 samples have been selected.

SMEs means ‘small and medium enterprises’, has taken a jump in the recent times and great developments have been observed in this field. Recently, most of these small and medium business organizations have started by the talented and young entrepreneurs who have changed their mode of functioning from the conventional ways to the modern, digital techniques of advertising and promoting their businesses. SMEs played an important role in driving economic growth through generating exports, investment in fixed assets and promoting technology integration in advanced economy. This study examined the impact of technological innovation, product innovation and process innovations on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance in the manufacturing industry in Coimbatore district with a sample size of 50 new and old generation small & medium size entrepreneurs. The results indicated that Research & Development spending by the firms as well as product and process innovation has significant impacts on the firm’s performance. Also, training of workforce constitutes the major innovation activities in the manufacturing SMEs. This study suggests improvement in Research & Development spending and other technological activities which are expected to increase SMEs’ profitability and thus generate more employment in the country.

Nayantara Sahgal is known for her love for politics and nobility in her work. She took in her compass those areas of life, which were familiar to her and of which she had a direct, personal and firsthand experience. My project found that she very boldly described the political conditions of India and the socio political situation in the pre independent India. The politics which she described in her novels was not only for the politician but it had an all pervasive influence that affects all aspect of life. The canvas of NayantaraSahgal’s writing was mostly confined to the upper strata of society. The characters in the novels always are wealthy people. They were politician, business executive, industrialists, administrations, diplomats, etc. the life presented in her works was the life of eating, drinking, merry-making, kissing, hugging, dancing and copulating world, with conference, committees, public meeting, get-together, discussions, seminars, processions, demonstrations, protests, boycotts interspersed with parties and club activities. She also described corruption, nepotism and other vices in Indian politics, bureaucracy and in high class society.

Yoga is a most powerful medicine on stress, frustration, tension and basic fitness factors. Yoga is eight limits of Body and Soul i.e. Yam, Niyam, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyachar, Dharma, Dhyan, Samadhi. Pranayama is science of related to breath; Yogasanas is related to Internal and External part of our whole body and day to day Life style. Yoga is connection to me our self, also control our body, self thinking, emotions, stress etc. Life skills means who develop skills in the student which is continue process for developing and making a successful life , is called Life Skills. Yoga develops life skills included curriculum raised question what is relation between yoga and life skills and Experts opinion is that heart and mind is closely related to each other also thinking power effect of heart. Through yoga develop the specific sports skills. Advantages of yoga, Increase of memory power, flexibility, strength, physical fitness, control of movement and injuries, prevent for blood pressure, and all types of therapy. decrease obesity and stiffness of body. Yoga also help us develop life skills i.e. controlling the body movement, blood circulation, and Exercises which is related to Life skills. Emotional factor is most important in sports i.e. tension, stress, anxiety, interaction etc. Yoga is the best medicine in this factor ie, asana, Pranayama, stretching, exercise and breathing.

Today we human beings are mostly dependent on media for all our work. We have only become able to gather information or knowledge about all the things happening all around the globe, because of one key development: the mass media. This paper aims to study the effect that media is having on youth. The objective of this work is to analyse and summarise the literature on media and its effect on youth. This paper summarises results from studies published on the above topic. The studies revealed that media affects youth both positively and negatively. Positive aspects are that it leads to mass contact; acts as a catalyst for certain kind of activities like learning; supports leisure time activities, exploring hobbies, and enhancing creativity. The positive use of social media can enhance young people’s skills and lifestyles, help them adapt new trends, and introduce them to the anthropology of various societies. Negative effects include anger, resentment, and addiction of various kinds, invasion of privacy, time wastage, and circulation of false information. The studies also describe the media’s overall effect on youth in shaping perceptions of sexuality, body image, self-esteem and gender roles.

Control charts are useful and commonly used tools for monitoring the process parameters. It is well known that the CUSUM control charts are very effective in detecting small shifts in process parameters as compared to Shewhart-type charts. In this paper, nonparametric CUSUM control chart based on run statistic is developed for monitoring the known location of a continuous process. The average run length performance of the proposed CUSUM chart is investigated using a simulation study and is compared with parametric CUSUM chart under normal and non-normal process distributions. The study reveals that the proposed chart perform better than the parametric CUSUM chart for detecting small shifts in process location under normal and non-normal process distributions.

Swami Ranganathananda, a well known personality, nationally and internationally, dedicated his entire life to human welfare and progress. His unwavering faith and love for Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, and Vivekananda liberated him from human pleasures and comforts and made him devote his life for others. Vivekananda’s message ‘Service of God in man’ was made practical by him. He was the cultural ambassador of India. He was crowned as the thirteenth President of the Ramakrishna Mission

The present paper focuses on an overview of place, significance and types of meaning in language. The study of meaning is essential to anyone who wishes to talk in a disciplined way about meaning. As a social being, when we interact with each other, we communicate meaning through language. The ultimate end of our linguistic behaviour is to exchange and perceive the meaning in conversational act. The issue of meaning has been the prime and central notion in linguistic enquiries. Of course, many philosophers, logicians and linguists have disputed on the question, ‘what is meaning?’, no one has produced exhaustive and satisfactory answer for it. As it is an abstract notion, there is no unanimous agreement on the definition of meaning. The disagreement results from an intermediate uses of both ‘meaning’ and ‘mean’. Still we have to use language in the society for expressive and communicative purpose. As meaning is transferred via language and language is a highly structured phenomenon, it is structured at different levels such as sounds, words (or morpheme), sentence (or utterance) etc. All these aspects of language like sound, word, phrase, sentence, utterance and structure or grammar undoubtedly contribute to the study of meaning in the language.

Sister Nivedita, a disciple of Swami Vivekandnada showed her love for India through her speeches and memorable writings .She realised that India’s unrivalled, integrating culture that had spread from the Himalayas in the North to Kanyakumari in the South was due to this closeness with the ancient epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, a closeness that had been attacked and almost severed by the colonial system of education. These two great works form together the outstanding educational agencies of Indian life. All over the country in every province, especially during the winter session, audiences of Hindus and Mohammedans gather round the Brahmin story teller at night fall, and listen to his rendering of the ancient tales. Inher fourteen years of Indian life he dedicated her for the cause of the Indian Culture and heritage. He delivered a numbers of speeches on Hinduism and wrote a number of books on the prosperity and glory of India.

Mutual funds is considered as a strategic tool for retail investors to invest and create their portfolio. Investors depend upon scheme information document and product attributes to get sufficient knowledge about investment avenues in the capital market. Mutual fund investment is predominately dominated by the mutual fund advisors and financial advisors to make investment decisions for their clients. The wealth managers take discretionary responsibility to create mutual fund investment products for their clients. Retail investors totally depend on the mutual fund company to provide valuable information for investment. Over the period of time, efforts have been taken by the regulator to provide policy directions to the mutual fund companies to disclose the needed information to the investors. The present study is undertaken to review the past and present changes brought under the regulator for simplifying information about mutual fund investment products. It would also help the mutual fund companies to align their product attributes to the current nomenclature.

The present study was explored to find out the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. teacher trainees. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 600 teacher trainees from Andhra Pradesh. Data was analyzed by t-test. Result found that there is significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. teacher trainees. Findings also indicated that there is significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. male teacher trainees, there is no significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. female teacher trainees, there is significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. government college teacher trainees, there is significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. private college teacher trainees, there is no significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. rural area teacher trainees, there is significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. urban area teacher trainees, there is significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. teacher trainees of literate parents and there is no significant difference between the environmental attitude of B.Ed. and D.Ed. teacher trainees of illiterate parents.

These science processes (often called a science inquiry) motivate students by fostering their natural curiosity about the world around them, encouraging them to persist through difficulty to master complex science concepts. E-learning can support the new, inquiry-based approaches to science instruction, providing virtual laboratories or field learning experiences that overcome practical and logistical constraints to student investigations. They can allow learners to visualize, explore, and formulate scientific explanations for scientific phenomena that would otherwise be impossible to observe and manipulate. They can help learners mentally link abstract representations of a scientific phenomenon (for example, equations) with the invisible processes. This paper focuses on the Design and the development of E-learning package and the validation of achievement test to see the effectiveness of e-learning package for final study. The E-leaning package is used for individual learning purpose through computer based.

The present study was explored to find out the educational status of transgender people. Survey method was conducted on a purposive sample of 200 Transgender people in Dharmapuri, Salem and Coimbatore districts, Western Tamil Nadu. Data was analyzed by t-test. Findings indicated that there is no significant difference in the educational status of transgender people in respect of locality and age group. Results also found that there is significant difference in the educational status of transgender people with regard to monthly income and family acceptance.

The aim of the study is to find out the differential effect of selected socio-demographic factors on lexical competence and teacher behaviour of secondary level English language teachers. The normative survey method has been adopted by the investigator. The study was on a stratified random sample of 1046 secondary school English language teachers were selected from the schools of six districts namely Salem, Karur, Coimbatore, Krishnagiri, Madurai and Chennai. The data was collected by the researcher from the government, government aided, and private schools in Tamil Nadu. Data pertained to the English language anxiety was collected by administering the lexical competence inventory, teacher behaviour questionnaire and the socio-demographic information by a personal data sheet. Analysis of the data revealed that while gender, locality, type of schools, marital status and academic qualification. Result revealed that the discriminant analysis, prefix-suffix and syllables highly discriminate lexical competence and teacher behaviour of secondary level language teachers.

Single crystals of pure alkalihalides, have been grown by adopting Czochralski – Kyropoulos method. The crystals are characterized by usual techniques to form nonrectifying contact in insulating solids within heterogeneous electrodes through experiment. In this paper both analytical and experimental approach has been introduced to justify the experimental fact. From the theoretical concept, it has been established to be a useful tool over the homogeneous for electron injection. The activation energy involved in the ionic zone (zone – I) and Space charge limited (SCL), zone – II injection has been performed keeping the specimen under field stress crystals.For this purpose in situ measurements were carried out to yield current density at different temperature at particular field. The activation energy values for heterogeneous electrodes dependon both electric field and temperature. These expected results indicate the non-uniformity of fields in case of the pointed cathode and is very important towards the formation of ohmic contact.

The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha established in 1870, was one of the earliest organized attempts, under British rule at what the sabha itself described as “a mediating body which may afford to the latter (the people) facilities for knowing the real intention & objects of the Government as also adequate means for securing their rights by making timely representations to Government of the real circumstances in which they are placed”. In those days the sabha was a successful political organization in the sense that it helped create an informed & educated public opinion, an the one hand & make the Government realize the existence of a growing body of public on the other. How far its efforts at such mediation were successful is a different story. However, the fact of its success in the political education of the people remains unchallenged.

In 2018 The World Economic Forum published the Future of Jobs Report that reports on the skills in greatest demand and need. In this report, the top three growing skills for 2022 were: 1. Analytical Thinking and Innovation 2. Active Learning and Learning Strategies 3.Creativity, Originality, and Initiative Among them teaching and innovation skills are increasingly moreand being recognized as the skills that separate students who are prepared for increasingly complex life and work environments in the 21st century, and those who are not. A focus on creativity, critical thinking, communication and collaboration is essential to prepare students for the future.

The purpose of this paper is to study modern and new women in the novels of Sudha Murthy. After independence the new dawn of women’s evolution is started. Before freedom women had no right to take an education, writing any book even no equal status in the society. In India women has no any position in comparison with men. There is one proverb “The hand that rocks the cradle; rules the world”, According to this proverb, an apt example is Sudha Murthy who is prolific writer in Indian English literature. She is author in Kannada and English and has published many books that focus her views on feminism, charity, hospitality and self-realization through fictional and non-fictional books. She received many awards and most important amongst them are the Padma Shree and the R.K.Narayanaward for literature. The author focuses struggle of women, their courage to face life, Women’s question. This aspect shown in many novels. Her four novels- Gently Falls the Bakula, Mahasheweta, The House of Cards and Dollar Bahu. These novels describe women’s emotions and attitudes are quite differently. We observe modern women trying to assert their identity in the male dominated society. The research paper concludes today’s women are standing on their feet to achieve their success. She is like a man, wishes to reach her goal and satisfy her intellectual self.

In the present essay Indo-Soviet economic relations during the period 1971-85, within the context of political relations have been examined. Aid and trade relations are analysed. The impact of such relationship on India’s economic development is studied. After India’s Independence the process of developing India’s economic relations with Soviet Union however until 1953, remained at low level. With the signing of a comprehensive trade treaty in 1953. Economic relations developed rapidly. So that at present Soviet Union was one of the largest trading partners of India. Similarly, since the first Agreement to extend credit to Bhilai Steel Plant in 1955, Soviet Union had played a major role in India’s industrial development. In India’s International economic relations, Soviet Union occupied an important place. However, the relative importance of the economy of the one to the other his highly unequal. Soviet Union was one of the developed countries. India is one of the developing countries. The nature of the two economics was also different. Soviet Union had a Socialist Economy. On the other hand Indian economy is a mixed economy with State owned public sector and also a predominant private sector? The two countries also differed in the political systems they have adopted. While India is a Parliamentary democracy, Soviet Union had the rule of Communist Party representing the interests of the working class. Thus the two countries have different socio-economic and political systems and are at different levels of development.

The aim of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of brain based learning in learning biological science among the students of standard IX. The equivalent group experimental method was adopted. A sample of 180 students was selected from three higher secondary schools. In the present study, brain based learning and traditional method used acts as independent variables, achievement score in biological science acts as a dependent variable. The effectiveness of learning biological science depends on three types of schools and the selected units of biological science from the textbook of Tamil Nadu. The significant difference between the means of each pair of group was computed using t-test and ANOVA. Result found that the effectiveness of brain based learning strategy is higher than the traditional method of teaching.

Measurable function introduce including 1- dimensional Lebesgue measure as the primary definitions, example and develop simple properties of them. The Lebesgue measure of the interval [0,1] in the real number is its length in the everyday sense of the word, specifically 1. In this paper we present also the Essential Supremum, Essential Infimum and some theorem in Measurable function.

Adolescence is perhaps the most difficult period of child rearing for parents. Discipline is to mould the child so that he will conform to the traditional expectations of the cultural group to which he belongs. Parental discipline is an important variable in connection that ultimately would reveal the behaviour of the child in different situations, which would determine the child’s capacity to adjust to different surroundings, particularly in school. This study was thus taken up to identify the differences in disciplinary practices perceived by parents from different occupational strata and their adolescent children.

The paper explores the possibility of conflicts due to identity crises of a community to assimilate in a larger group. Identity is a self-referential description that provides answers to the question “who am I?” or “who are we?’. Thus, identity is one of the several fundamental human needs that underlie many intractable conflicts. Assam is the gate way of NorthEast India has long remained the hub of many ethnic race and community. Adivasis are one of the largest communities residing in Assam. They are mainly the descendants of labors brought by the British from present Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Odisa, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and some parts of West Bengal. The British East India Company brought them to Assam mainly as tea garden labourers after the rapid growth of tea plantation Hence, the purpose of their migration was mainly to make them work as labour in the tea Gardens of Assam as the British found that Indigineous community of Assam were not at all interest in working with the British. Thus, the article will try to focus on the struggle of identity of a community to assimilate in a larger society. This article is mainly based upon theoretical analysis of fact and review of literature.

The purpose of the study is to analyse the perception of bank employees towards corporate governance. The gathered data are analysed using SPSS in order to develop a thorough and insightful understanding about the current study. Furthermore, the results of the study can be beneficial for business students in addition to managers, practitioners and employees in developing a better understanding about the concept of corporate governance. For achieving and maintaining public trust and confidence in the banking system, effective corporate governance practices are necessary. The system may collapse if good corporate governance practices are not followed in any organization as what happened in Satyam, InfoTech. Bank should take all the measures to ensure good corporate governance practices. The results of the study suggest that banks should initiate more seminars and workshops in order to highlight the relevance of corporate governance so that bank employees can easily understand the role of corporate governance.

Food processing sector is a key industry inIndia.India is the second largest producer of food products in the world next to China. The growth in food processing industry will bring overall development in the economy as it establishes a vital synergy between the two main pillars of economy, agriculture and industry. With India is making a shift in its policy to ‘Make in India’ numerous gates of growth and development opens up for the food processing industry. The present paper is an attempt to identify the various prospects that will lead the development path of the food processing sector in India. Also study makes an attempt to identify constraints that may create hurdles in the path of development. . This study has been done on the basis of secondary data. Secondary data was collected from journals, books, magazines and the Internet as well as government agencies.

The present study aims to understand the barriers in successful implementation of e-HRM in hospitals which are financial resources, not having expert staff, lack of top management support, employee acceptance and transparent & clear policies. For this purpose non probability purposive sampling from various hospitals HR & IT managers and executives were chosen. Data was collected through the questionnaire as a data collection tool. Data was analyzed with SPSS software ver. 24. Friedman test was performed to study the barriers in successful implementation of e-HRM in hospitals.

Globalization will promote direct foreign investment and, thus, it enables developing countries to raise capital without recourse to international indebtedness. Globalization enables developing countries to make use of technology developed by advanced countries without investments in Research and Development. Globalization widens the access of developing countries to export their produce in the developed countries. Simultaneously, it enables the consumers of developing countries to obtain quality consumer goods, especially consumer durables, at relatively much lower prices. Globalization introduces faster diffusion of knowledge and thus enables developing countries to raise their level of production and productivity. It, therefore, generates the momentum to reach international standards of productivity. Globalization reduces costs of transport and communication. It also reduces tariffs and thus enlarges the share of foreign trade as a percentage of GDP.

The present study was made to assess the intake and preference of ready to eat food by single living male and female in Bangalore town. The examination was led in chosen territories in Bangalore town. reference. The developed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using chi- square, significant level. The result of the study showed that majority of single living male and female used different type of ready to eat food due to their own reason.

Innovation is the process of doing new things. This distinction is important. While innovativeness identifies with the capacity to consider, the development is doing new things. Thoughts have little an incentive until they are changed over into helpful items or administrations. Development changes imaginative thoughts into helpful applications. Subsequently, innovativeness is a pre-essential to advancement. As per Schumpeter a person is an entrepreneur only when he is engaged in innovative behavior. This innovative behavior is an entrepreneurial function.

Indian society has predominantly been a rural society where traditional ways of living are being followed, people use environment friendly means of life but in recent times like urban societies environment in rural areas is also being degraded because of various legal and illegal activities combined together,governments are allowing construction of hydroelectricity generation projects in haphazard manner in addition to it illegal activities like mining and deforestation are contributing towards the degradation of environment. At this juncture the need of formation and implementation of environment law is being felt, various western countries have already enacted such laws. An environmental law is a collective term describing the network of treaties, statutes, regulations, common and customary laws addressing the effects of human activity on natural environment. NGT is part of such environmental law in India playing very important role in providing citizens the right to a healthy environment.

Impact of globalization on the conditions of poor, peasants in India in recent times have been drastically changes not only in the socio economic conditions but also it created awareness and significant technological changes in the agricultural production by the latest methods and means of production practices. What type of changes has been occurred in their living conditions have been analyzed in detail by the researcher by the proposed research to be taken in India. The researcher tries to bring out and portray the real conditions among their living pattern not to be dealt in detail. The liberalisation for Indian economy was adopted by India in 1991. Facing a cruel economic calamity, India move toward the IMF for a loan, and the IMF granted what is called a ‘structural adjustment’ loan, which is a loan by means of some conditions affixed which are related to a structural change in the economy. The government steered in a new era of economic reforms based on these conditions. Globalisation has different aspects. Duncan (2000) defines globalisation as the process of closer economic integration between countries in terms of trade in goods and services, in investment, in the free movement of labour, in the adoption of common currencies, and in joint international action on crossborder issues such as pollution. World Bank (2000) summarises globalisation as the global circulation of goods, services and capital, information, ideas and people.

How is identity constructed? How role does ‘difference’ plays in constructing the ‘Self’? The question of identification has always been central to human society. Imagining the margin or difference between self and other has been important in unfolding any political process. Assertion of one’s identity has been the focus of imperialism and anti-imperialist movements. Scholars argue that identities are invoked against the ‘other’ and are constructed through ‘difference’ which has become socially recognised. The paper is an attempt to answer the questions posed above by looking into the construction of Iranian identity as propounded by Fakhruddin Shadman and Jalal al-e Ahmad, two of the most prominent intellectuals of the twentieth century Iran.

This paper aims at the study of agrarian crisis as the main cause of farmer suicide in India with special reference to Karnataka. Among the various socio-economic issues, farmers’ suicide is getting rapid attention. As India is an agricultural based society and farmer is one of the pillarsor the backbones of the society, is not getting the worthy attention and facilities to which he/she is really capable of. With the growth of various issues in the current economy, agrarian crisis stands to be a burning issue. In current scenario various kinds of agrarian crisis are leading to farmers’ suicide. On an average among the total suicides in India, 9.4% are the farmers and the number is still increasing. The paper also mentions findings and remedies through which farmer’s suicide can be controlled. In the present condition agricultural reforms and other measures to save farmers from bankruptcy has become a necessity. As far as Indian economy is concerned, farmers’ welfare and agricultural reforms have become an urgent need.

E-content is a pioneering application of computer in the teaching and learning process. It is includes text, video, audio, animation and graphics. E-content is the innovation of technology to design, deliver, select, administer and extend learning. E-content in education is a powerful tool that may be used effectively and proficiently within the classroom to make more exciting learning environment and deliver a higher level of educational expertise to students. The present experiment brings out an idea about the enhancement of teaching History through e-content on the XI Standard boys students achievement in History. The present study indicates that the XI Standard boys students in experimental groups has engaged in e-content package on History than control groups has engaged through in conventional method.

Human asset is the most basic one that has any kind of effect in an associations exhibition. For representatives to work for an association with intrigue and responsibility, the facts demonstrate that associations should put a powerful human asset the executives framework practically speaking. Human resources management practices are essential for retaining effective professionals in industries in India. Given the recruitment and retention reality of workers in the twenty-first century, the role of human resource management in industries should not be underestimated.Human resource management in companies has to function in a sector with some unique characteristics. The workforce is relatively large, diverse, and includes separate occupations. The powerful HR the board has improving the execution association Strategic arranging, including work spending plan and guaging, is tended to on account of the commitment of HRM to effective vital arranging in India.

Reality shows which were so popular in western countries had a slow start in India initially with one or more channels telecasting talent hunt programs such as singing and quiz on weekends. Soon it expanded itself with other subgenres such as dance, crime/conflict, fun, game and adventure based reality shows. Today all most all the reality shows we watch are more, ‘hybridized’ and ‘glocalised’ borrowing the concepts from western countries and adapting to local culture. Reality shows have attracted the producers because it is cheaper, easier to produce and guaranteed of high returns. People are attracted by reality shows because of its varied nature; Real life situations filmed, participation of ordinary people as contestants, competitions and lucrative prizes, participation of common people as studio audiences, voting and promoting etc

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (Family: Fabaceae) is commonly known as Siris, Shiris in Hindi. It is chiefly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of India, Andaman Island, Myanmar, tropical Africa, Asia and northern Australia. A. lebbeck has been of keen interest due to varied phytochemicals and Ayurvedic research due to their excellent medicinal values. Traditionally, it is used as anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, antidiarrhoeal, antiseptic, anti-dysenteric and antitubercular.

This study was carried out to investigate whether the deliverable to the total trade volume of the stocks were affected by stock volatility, the paper determined if this phenomenon impacted the investments made by investors. The paper examined the relationship between stock volatility and delivery quantity traded to total quantity traded for two companies listed on NSE NIFTY. The data of both the companies confirmthat there exists arelationship between delivery quantity traded to total quantity traded and stock volatility. Hence, the results of the study showed that the volatility and volatility index showed a significant association with trading and deliverable volumes.

Making a city “Smart” is a new urban development phenomena emerging as a strategy to solve the problems generated by the rapid urbanization. There is no clear answer as to what a smart city is. Yet little academic research in western countries has discussed the phenomenon. Literature on smart cities, present Indian Urban Scenario, existing urban development laws play a key role in transforming urban development in to Smart component like E-governance, Smart people, Smart environment, needs extensive study and research as to how they form the basis to examine how local governments are envisioning smart city initiatives in India and what can be the possible challenges during implementation of each critical factor.

“Impact of media and advertisement on two wheeler purchase by women in Karaikudi town” found this things the two wheeler is widely used by the population the people like to purchase their own two wheeler and advertisement have a great impact on the purchase desire of the two wheeler. In this research the sample size is taken 50 females. The area of the research is Karaikudi town. After data analysis the researcher found that maximum number of respondent have their own moped and maximum number of respondent is affected by the advertisement and the television. And maximum number of respondent is satisfied with the after sales services which are provided by their company two wheeler. Maximum number of respondent doesn’t affected whether their favourite celebrity endorse it. But many of the respondent feel the problem of the comfortably so the company should take decision regarding the comfortably.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects up to 30% of adults in Western populations and is increasing in prevalence. GERD is associated with lifestyle factors, particularly obesity and tobacco smoking, which also threatens the patients general health. GERD carries the risk of several adverse outcomes and there is widespread use of potent acid-inhibitors, which are associated with long-term adverse effects. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of lifestyle intervention and hazards management in the treatment of GERD.

Savings is the sacrificing the current consumption to increase the standard of living and fulfilling the requirements in future. When savings transferred into a productive avenue, it becomes investment. Investment behavior is how investor judge, predict, analyze and review the procedure for decisions making. The present paper focused on the level of awareness on savings and investment and various factors which influence the investment pattern and behaviour of higher secondary school teachers in Thiruvananthapuram district. Teachers are highly educated and regular income group. Every act especially economic activity of teachers will inspire and motivate the students and society to do the same. The investment behavior of higher secondary school teachers are influenced by several socio-economic factors like, tax benefits, return, advice & recommendations, safety, risk, liquidity, knowledge & awareness, past experience, rumors and religious. These factors have both positive and negative impact on the investment decisions.

Over past few years ownership of Smartphone has become dominant over feature phones. It has become habitual in the life of college students to spend time on smart phones on day to day basis. Smartphone has become an integral part of student’s life. There are varied reasons behind purchase of smart phones. Management students are focusing on different parameters while purchasing the smart phones. Students engage their time and money on various activities on smart phone. An attempt is made in this research to find out various smart phone activities and the time and money spent by the students on various activities. It has been observed from this research that maximum students are spending their time and money on internet related activities on smart phones. Varied responses are collected on the various activities on smart phone.

Researchers are always interested in studies about tribal group and their development. These research studies help the Government and other authorities to make and implement policies for the betterment of life style and improve the socio-economic status of the tribal sector. In a scientific world where technology plays a major role, all human beings must have awareness to deal with these scientific and technological innovations. Thus the study focuses on identifying the existing level of scientific literacy among tribal students and their select communities viz., Paniyan, Muthuvan and Kattunaykkan. A Scientific Literacy Assessment Test was used to analyse the Scientific Literacy among 114 elementary level students selected from various Model Residential Schools of Kerala, undertaken by scheduled tribe development department.

With the adoption of new technologies and the explosion of information, has been turned traditional library into digital one. Social Networking Sites are one of major factor of new technology which importance is growing up rapidly. Libraries are the storehouse of knowledge and information and its works as a connector of information and information seeker. Social Networking sites are helping the users to access the information at least time. SNS creates a platform educational atmosphere where one can exchange their thinking to others through internet. Social Networking Sites helps in becoming the world into a global village. Library services and library professionals have been improved due to development of SNS. This article gives importance on various social networking sites using in the library, advantages and challenges of SNS. This article also discusses important of Social Networking sites in the library. It also includes the data collected from the user feedback of Gauhati University.

Osakothi or Kothisala dance is an amazing dance of the Dalits of Ganjam district. Osakothi generally begins on eight day of bright fortnight of the month of Aswina (September-October) and lasts till Dasahara the tenth day of the same fortnight. This dance is remarkable effect on the rural mass and bears profound ethical and social values

The present study is to know the interaction effect of Anxiety and parenting style of Juvenile Delinquency students on their school Adjustment between the ages of 12to 18 years. Anxiety and Parenting style tools were constructing by the researcher. In this way, formulated hypothesis has been rejected and concluded that significant difference existed between the mean scores of fluency, flexibility and originality of delinquent. Methodology, purposive sampling technique is chosen for juvenile delinquents. Two way ANOVA and Tukey,s post-hoc method used. The researcher has took 268 sample of Juvenile Delinquent from Belagum,Vijayapur city,from observation Homes. The result found Juvenile delinquents belongs to low anxiety with low parenting style and high anxiety with low parenting style groups do not differ significantly with respect to their school adjustment scores at significance level of 5 percent. It means that, the Juvenile delinquents belongs to low anxiety with low parenting style and high anxiety with low parenting style groups have similar school adjustment scores.

The present communication deals with individual and synergistic curative role of caffeine and L-ascorbic acid in lead induced toxicity in an experimental model, freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens corrianus. The effect on bivalve was studied under nine groups. From each treated and recovery groups, some bivalves were removed and DNA contents in selected tissues of bivalves were estimated. The DNA level was significantly decreased on exposure to lead while the decrease in presence of caffeine + ascorbic acid was less when exposed simultaneously than when exposed individually. During recovery DNA contents recovered and the rate of recovery was faster in caffeine + ascorbic acid exposed bivalves as compared to those recovered individually and in normal water. The probable role of the caffeine (1,3,7-Trimethylexanthine) and Lascorbic acid is discussed in the paper.

The God of Small Things is the story of three generations of a Kerala Christian family, the patriarch Pappachi and his submissive but yet strong wife-Mammachi, their son Chacko with a divorced English wife Margaret and his daughter Sophie, their daughter Ammu a divorced daughter from an inter-community marriage and who is now back to live with her parents along with her son Estha and his dizygotic twin Rahel who didnt know how to be a girl Rahel s grand-aunt Baby Kochamma, Kochu Maria etc. Past and present are aesthetically interwoven into the story-line to reveal a multi-layered scheme and various kinds and levels of oppression. It is oppression, which is the main theme or central idea which makes everything in the novel converge. It seems to be the unifying factor in the organisation of the entire novel. It is what Flaubert calls "the mother-idea".

The complex road networks and highways of every country has an extremely remarkable role to compete for the growth and the economic development of the country. The vehicular transportation through all the roads can satisfy the basic necessities and needs of all the people. It also regulates the social and economic needs of all the people. Also, bad roads can also result in the loss of many lives and a large amount of damage to property mainly because of accidents. The present study aims to analyse the economic impact of toll roads by collecting data from the commuters of Kherki daula toll plaza. The paper is quantitative and a sample of 50 people were taken. The outcome shows that apart from high toll charges people find the roadway smooth and secure. The researchers also found that after the making of road as a toll road employment opportunities have also risen.

In like manner speech, the articulation "minority" signifies a gathering containing not exactly 50% of the populace and contrasting from others, particularly the dominating area, in race, religion, customs and culture, language, and so on. The Oxford Dictionary characterizes "Minority" as a more modest number or section; a number or part speaking to not exactly 50% of the entire; a moderately little gathering of individuals, contrasting from others in race, religion, language or political influence". A unique SubCommittee on the Protection of Minority Rights selected by the United Nations Human Rights Commission in 1946 characterized the "Minority" as those "non-predominant gathering in a populace which Possess a desire to save stable ethnic, religious and semantic conventions or attributes particularly not the same as those of the remainder of populace". As respects religious minorities at the national dimension in India, each one of the individuals who affirm a religion other than Hindu are viewed as minorities since more than 80 percent populace of the nation maintains Hindu religion. At the national dimension, Muslims are the biggest minority. Different minorities are a lot littler in size. Beside the Muslims are the Christians (2.34 percent) and Sikhs (1.9 percent); while the various religious gatherings are as yet littler. As respects etymological minorities, there is no dominant part at the national dimension and the minority status is to be basically chosen at the State/Union Territory level.

Present work reports synthesis and characterization of poly (aniline co- meta nitro aniline) by using various mineral acids. Poly(aniline co- meta nitro aniline) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of monomer aniline and co monomer meta nitro aniline at room tempreture.Hydrochloric acid,sulphuric acid and perchloric acid were used as a dopent along with acrylic acid as a soft templet. Synthesized Poly (aniline co - meta nitro aniline) was characterized by analytical techniques such as FTIR,UVDRS and XRD.

The Paper highlights the importance of Newspapers in various means in historical perspective in Library and Information Science field. It also traces the role of LIS professionals in the historical perspective with special reference to libraries. As per the evolution and trend(s) the newspaper witnessed various platform(s) and format (s) throughout the world and an attempt has been made to highlight the important role of LIS professionals in safeguarding the newspapers from decades of civilization.

Grameena Suvidha Kendra (GSK), a CSR initiative of Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) started in 2006 with the mission of empowering the farmers. The reason behind the advent of GSK is to include the farmers in the modern commodity market eco-system so that they mitigate the price and other associated risk. GSK serves as a rural service center to educate the farmers on market price for their produce in the future, expert advice on farm-related issues, better warehousing facilities, funding against warehouse receipts, quality testing and grading facilities that are provided by the exchange. To perceive that GSK reaches large number of farmers of India, MCX collaborated with India Post, as it has great network of villages, under Private Public Partnership (PPP) model.This program provides value-added services by assisting farmers in formulating a cropping strategy and maximizing returns; creating awareness, providing knowledge/guidance and value added services helping the farmers to raise their standard of living. This basket of services has increased multiple since its inception. Local agricultural experts, field visits and exposure visits enable farmers to adopt good agricultural practices, new techniques, processes and innovations maximise productivity and enhance their livelihoods and have social impact. Access to market price, redressal of crop related queries, exposure to different agriculture universities and KrishiVigyanKendras, technical knowledge of new techniques like FLD, SRI, organic farming, etc. save cost, enhance soil productivity and increase yield and enrich bio diversity. The recent initiatives like e-NAM facilitating the farmers to sell their crop anywhere in the country and its other intervention of Minimum Support Price (MSP) benefit the farmers if they function in their true sense.

Microsoft word provides magnificent features in designing document, thus very popularly used for the documentation. Scientific reports involved charts, flowcharts, procedural diagrams, block diagram, Mathematical &Statistical equationsand 3-D diagrams. Microsoft word provides very handy features in generating such documents, hence popularly used in scientific community. Moreover, it provides good features for text designing, tabular data generation, colors and images, thus gives immense pleasure to the user to generation document using this software. In addition to this, designed document can be easily converted into other popular forms like PDF, HTML and rich text format, hence made it worth in using. Microsoft word (*.doc) documents are also shared on the web and this is also one media used in disseminating information among the other. If this shared information extracted and re-processed, then this can be very useful information for conducting Research &Development(R&D) activities. This research paper introduces the algorithm developed for extracting data from the word document, which further geo-mapsthe extracted data for the wide dissemination. Considering need to generate data for the KanhanRiver, team has only targeted Kanhan river water quality data for the extraction as team is aimed to generate a central information repository. Using different data generation methodologies central data repository for the Kanhan river is maintained, which can be further utilized for the river and human health management.

It is widely known that novel is the most suitable literary form for the exploration of experiences and ideas in literature. Literature is reliable source of Indian social history for ages. Caste, class and gender issues and similar social concerns have emerged as dominant themes in Indian literature.Indian class system has no escape routes for talented people from lower classes to reach the top. Adiga’s novels as an Indian cultural product do not imitate European novels but follow their own structure. He paints a feudal picture of Indian society. Majority of people are still trapped in slavery, though the country has got independence.

Agriculture sector is crucial for India in view of the food and nutritional security of the nation as well as the fact that the sector remains the most important source of livelihood for more than 60% of the population.However, theshare of agriculture & allied sectors in total GVA (GDP) has declined over the past years and has reached 18% in 2013-14(Economic Survey 2014-15). Increase in agriculture production and productivity depends on theavailability of agricultural inputs. Though its success and failure depend, to a huge extent, on climatic factors, as we always know that climatic factors are not in control of human hand. We have to introduce innovations and technology in theagriculture sector by providing agriculture credit to farmers, on the large basis. Now days, the climatic support to Indian agriculture sector has become more uncertain and the fear of low production of food grains are always there. In this context, the improvements in agriculture sector depend on non-climatic factors specially agriculture credit. By getting agriculture credit farmers can purchase other inputs such as fertilizers, high yielding verities of seeds, irrigation facility and pesticides. In this paper we have intended to discussthe need for agricultural credit in India, thetrend in agriculture credit growth, and agriculture credit growth in Indian agriculture.

Food processing sector has derived from the earliest days of processing and altering with a need of conserving food by preparing, formatting, and preserving with salt. While the advanced changes has been continuous, the onset of industrial unrest of output in major advancements in the food processing techniques which have been required and consumed by the aggressive needs of nations, The improvement of Indian dairy zone has been dramatic during the past three decade. It is not only a dominant manufacturer of an significant food item but it also is one of the largest employers in the country in all the sectors. It gives a chance to about nine cores families across India. The main objective of this article is known about challenges faced by food and beverages and Dairy products.

The present paper studies perception of managers about elements that impact customer satisfaction in standalone specialty restaurant in Pune. The study specifically focused on the perception of the managers on the level of importance from the point of view of the customers on the service quality, employee service quality, food quality, physical environment and ambience in standalone specialty restaurant. 60 standalone specialty restaurant managers in Pune were considered for the study. Data Analysis started with inspecting, transforming and modeling the data collected with an intention of meeting research objective. The raw data was obtained and further converted into useful information. Data was first entered in Excel sheets. It was then coded to make it suitable for analysis using SPSS software (Version 16.0). The paper identified and studied the demographic profile of managers working in standalone standalone specialty restaurants in Pune in order to determine whether there is a significant difference in their attitude towards restaurant business. The study examined the vital role of standalone standalone specialty restaurant managers in ensuring customer satisfaction, which in turn will help the restaurant to survive in a competitive market.

The institutional finance has been conceived to play an important role in the agricultural development of India. A large number of institutional agencies are involved in the disbursement of credit to agriculture. However, the persistence of money lenders in the rural credit market is still a major concern. Against this background the present study has made an attempt to study the growth of formal institutional agencies in Karnataka and also examined the quantum of loans issued by formal institutional agencies viz., Co-operative banks, Regional Rural banks and Scheduled commercial banks in Karnataka. This study is mainly based on secondary data collected from NABARD annual reports of various issues and Cooperative banks reports, and statistical reports of government of Karnataka. Simple statistical tools like percentage and ratios have been employed for the analysis. The study reveals that the proportion of all the formal institutional agencies tended to increase with the increasing years during the reference period. The proportion of credit amount provided to agriculture by Co-operative banks, RRBs and Scheduled commercial banks tended to increase with the increasing years i.e. from 2005-06 to 2017-18.However, the data on percentage of credit amount provided to agriculture by Co-operative banks, RRBs and Scheduled commercial banks indicates that, there is an up and down trends was found over a period of time. Among the institutional agencies, it has also been observed that, the proportion of credit disbursed to agriculture was found to be quite significant in scheduled commercial banks as compared to the Co-operative banks and Regional Rural banks. The study has suggested that all formal financial institutions should work together and complement each other. Linkage among the formal financial institutions at all level is needed for improving credit flow to agriculture in general and in Karnataka in particular.

Savitribaiphule was a trailblazer in providing education for girls and for ostracized portions of society in India. She dared to pursue the Nobel profession of teaching in the ‘Dark Age’ and became first lady teacher and started first school for females in India. She not only fought for the right to education, but for the right to dignity for widows, unwed mothers, and women with unwanted pregnancies. In the nineteenth century her work was revolutionary. It is indeed a measure of the ruthlessness of elite controlled knowledge – production that a figure as important as Savitribaiphule fails to find any mention in the history of modern India. Her life and struggle deserves to be appreciated by a wider spectrum and made known to non- Marathi people as well as others not in India but in the world.

However, the experiences of academic teachers and practitioners show that there are many enthusiasts among us regarding transformation, innovators who prove that change, albeit slow, is possible. The strategies we adopt may be slow, involving multiple years and be gradual, systematic, and peaceful, or they may be violent processes that dynamically break with the old model (see Boyd, 2014; Mias, 2011). Recognizing that changing the model of working with children requires a change in the education and training of teachers and, above all, a modification of the educational philosophy of future students, we must discuss the need to revise and update requirements. In recent years, a number of publications have described changes in academic culture, primarily related to the professional development of academic teachers (e.g., Boyd, Szplit & Zbróg, 2014; Vaz-Rebelo et al., 2015), the academic education of future teachers (e.g., Balachowicz & Adamek, 2017; Boyd & Szplit, 2016) and the professional development of teachers and practitioners (Adamek & Balachowicz, 2013; Day & Gu, 2014; Fullan & Lang worthy, 2014; Boyd, P., Hymer, P. & Lockney, 2015; Prain et al., 2015). The author of this paper identifies the conditions for such changes and their consequences.

Human Rights are inalienable rights of the human being as they are inherent in our nature. Being human a person is inherently entitled to have & can enjoy from womb to tomb. Human rights are concerned with the dignity of the individual. 1948 December 10th – Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by United Nations Organisation (UNO) is a milestone in the history of evolution of Human Civilisation. . Indian constitution also has given legal protection to the rights which were enshrined in part III of it.

This paper is designed to show the direct relationship between Boston Consulting Group Growth Share matrix (BCG) and The Product Lifecycle (PLC). The connection between BCG matrix and PLC delivers a vivid strategic picture of product life stage. In every stage of product life cycle the proper strategy which the business unit will take or should take can be well determined by BCG. Even when the BCG is a technique of 1970’s and having certain limitations, stills its simplicity brings a vivid idea of market condition.

The term Women Entrepreneurship mean, an act of business ownership and business creation that empowers women economically, increases their economic strength as well as position in society. Entrepreneurship amongst women has been a matter of concern. Those women who start or assist any business in its functioning are known as women entrepreneurs. Challenging roles are being accepted by females, as they desire to be financially independent along with taking care of their families and loved ones. Women owned businesses are highly increasing. The main objective of the study has been to understand the socioeconomic back-ground of women entrepreneurs, and their problems & reasons in running their enterprises efficiently and profitably. The present research study has been conducted to study the problems of women entrepreneurs of the backward class with special reference to some selected places in selected businesses of North Karnataka with the respondent size of 50 involving women from business like petty shops, hotels, vegetable selling & beauty parlors. The need for additional income and family business carried on are the major reasons behind women getting them involved in entrepreneurial activities and the major reasons identified creating problems for taking up self employment are family responsibilities, competition and lack of self-confidence.

The study aims to understand how certain different yet interrelated variables such as gender and educational background like stream opted in higher secondary school, place of study (India/foreign) and mathematics opted or not in higher secondary school could lead to an explanation of student attitude towards mathematics in terms of its usefulness, confidence and appreciation and enjoying the subject. In order to understand the differences in the attitude of students towards mathematics, the study was conducted among college students from diverse educational backgrounds; thereby, supporting the generalizability of the findings. The differences in the attitude were analyzed by conducting independent samples t-test which revealed the existence of statistically significant differences in the attitude among the groups with respect to gender, stream chosen in higher secondary school, place of study (India/foreign) and mathematics opted or not in higher secondary school. The study results throw light on what motivates students’ choice of program at the Undergraduate level. The differences reflected in the results among the variables would propel educators at the tertiary level, offering management programs to model the curriculum keeping in mind students’ attitude and orientation towards mathematics. Also, the result would further reinforce the necessity for developing effective practices, strategies and interventions to make the management students more receptive to the mathematics course which would implicitly strengthen their pursuit of the program.

History reveals how women a privileged position in ancient India. We feel proud of the social order and culture that recognized women’s worth and accorded respect to them. All moral and social norms ignored their identity, individuality and integrity. Though the frames of the act wanted to equate the status of widow with that of the men by giving her the absolute interest their efforts failed and the widow was given limited interest Hindu women estate. To amend the act a bill was introduced in the central legislative assembly on 3 rd march 1938 the amendment was given retrospective effect form 14 th April 1937 even after the amendment the act continued to be a source of trouble to litigate lawyers and judges.

Emotional stability is one of the personality traits to be promoted in each child for their overall development. Low vision students, who are differently abled, are facing certain challenges in regular mainstream classrooms. Emotional stability of them promotes better adjustment in their environment. The present study was explored to find out the emotional stability of low vision students in inclusive schools. Survey method was used. The simple random sample consisted of 180 low vision students from VI, VII & VIII classes in Salem District. Emotional Stability Scale for Low Vision Students was constructed and standardized by the investigator. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results found that gender of the low vision students did not influence their emotional stability significantly & medium of instruction and locality of school of low vision students had influenced their emotional stability significantly.

Fiscal task include money related procedures which work on fiscal sizes, for example, cash supply, loan fees and accessibility of credit intended to keep up value solidness, stable swapping scale, sound equalization of installment, budgetary strength, economy development. RBI, the zenith organization of India which screens and manages the financial arrangement of the nation balances out the cost by controlling Inflation.RBI takes into account the following monetary policies.

Quality of life in any area depends much on the socioeconomic status of society. Indicators like health facilities and environmental awareness and degradation were selected to get an insight into the quality of life in urban sector of Jammu city. The study was carried out in all the wards of Jammu city where respondents were interviewed for the aforesaid indicators. The analysis of the results revealed that health facilities are average in Jammu city with public mostly relying on government hospitals for treatment/diagnosis of diseases. The environmental degradation manifests itself in the form of dirty sites, illegal encroachment of forest land, non availability of JMC transport in some of the regions of central zone and ignorance of society regarding seismic behaviour of Jammu city.

Date palm is a multipurpose tree providing carbohydrate, fiber, vitamin and mineral besides having certain medicinal properties. Due to its high nutritional value and the long life the date palm has been mentioned as “tree of life”. The present study investigates the nutritional and functional properties of two different varieties of unripe date palm namely khenaizi (red colour date palm) and barhi (yellow colour date palm) were collected from Dharamapuri district of Tamil Nadu, India. The collected sample was made into powder using cabinet drier and pulverizer then subjected for analysis. The nutritional and functional parameters were studied under standard analytical procedure using AOAC methods. The results revealed that khenaizi date palm variety was found to be high in carbohydrate, protein and fiber content whereas the fat content is lower than that of the other date palm variety such as barhi. However, potassium content was high and sodium content was low in both varieties. Thus, it may be beneficial for people suffering from hypertension. In addition calcium, iron and phosphorous was also high in khenaizi than barhi. From the obtained results of two different date varieties khenaizi can serve as good source of vital nutrients and minerals than that of barhi.

The entrepreneurs of the small industry have a prominent role in a developing economy, as the success of these industrial enterprises depends largely upon the capabilities and the talents of the entrepreneurs and there by promotes the industrialization process. To make the small scale industry more dynamic in accelerating industrial development for facilitating larger employment generation and output expansion, there is an imperative need to promote the entrepreneurial talents as inadequate supply of entrepreneurs, constrains the process of rapid industrialization and that of sustaining the economic development.

banking is an indispensable constituent of the Indian financial system. It acts as a heart of the Indian economy. But at present, the artery of this heart is totally blocked by a big and alarming figure of non-performing assets. This paper makes an attempt to study the NPAs of the Indian banking system. For this purpose NPA data belonging to 6 years (2012-13 to 2017-18) of Public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign banks is taken from the official website of RBI. Result shows that the NPAs figure is much higher in PSBs than private and FBs and the amount of NPAs is showing an increasing trend during the study period. In sector wise comparison major part is contributed by the non-priority sector which is 80% of total NPAs than priority sector which is 20%. Various internal, as well as external factors responsible for NPAs and their impact are also discussed in the later part of the paper. The study also shows the effectiveness of recovery channels which are lok adalats, DRTs and SARFAESI act 2002 introduced by government and results shows that these channels are not effective in their purpose fulfillment. This study found that NPAs is a grave epidemic eating up the profitability of banks mainly the PSBs. There is a need to resolve this epidemic so that the performance of the banking sector could be improved.

One way to judge the state of a nation is to study the status of its women. In reality the status of women represents the standard of culture of any age. The Social status of the women of a country symbolises the social spirit of the age. 1 However, to draw a conclusion about the position of women is a difficult and complicated problem. It is, therefore, necessary to trace this position in the historical perspective. In the course of Indian history from prehistoric to modern times there were distinct stage of the rise and fall in the status and role of women.

The region designated for mining is found 10.5 Km. North-West of Nangal Chaudhary. The assigned zone for mining is having level territory with certain undulations, for the most part slopping and rough. It contains Quartzite as the principle nation shake. The most astounding elevation of the zone is 308 mRL and least height is 290 mRL. The dimension distinction is 18m. The stones uncovered in the area have a place with Delhi Supergroup and are separated into Alwar and Ajabgarh gatherings.

Purpose- The purpose of the study is to assess determinants of investment preference in tax saving schemes of mutual funds. Design/Methodology- 262 bank employees were selected using simple random sampling method. Sample confidence interval size was determined by 95% confidence interval and ±5% margin of error. By questionnaire method, data has been collected and ordinal logistic regression has been used to find the determinant of investment preference. Finding-It is found that psychological factors such as attitude, risk perception and attitude are important determinants towards investment in mutual fund in Tripura. It is also found that interaction effect with demographic and psychological factors influence preference of tax saving scheme of mutual fund.

Sufism, supernatural Islamic conviction and practice in which Muslims look to discover reality of heavenly love and information through direct close to home understanding of God. ... By instructing the majority and extending the otherworldly worries of the Muslims, Sufismhas assumed a vital job in the arrangement of Muslim society. Islamic otherworldliness is called ta?awwuf (actually, "to dress in fleece") in Arabic, however it has been called Sufism in Western dialects since the mid nineteenth century. A unique word, Sufism gets from the Arabic expression for a spiritualist, ?ufi, which is thusly gotten from ?uf, "fleece," conceivably a reference to the woolen piece of clothing of early Islamic religious zealots. The Sufis are likewise commonly known as "poor people," fuqara? , plural of the Arabic faqir, in Persian darvish, whence the English words fakir and dervish.

The energy requirement of earlier decades was fulfilled by conventional energy resources especially fossil fuels like coal and petroleum products. The demand for energy sources is going on increasing due to increased usage of automobile, electrical, and electronic appliances of both domestics and industries. In order to develop and find alternates to switch over from non- renewable to renewable at the same time pollution free energy sources, Scientists are still doing research towards the development of new energy producing materials. In line of this kind of research, we made an attempt to develop new class of materials for the same purpose. Supercapacitors are the future energy storage devices. In our present study we have developed nanocomposite having capacitance properties and it will be continued in our future research perspectives.

The paper evaluates caste based reservation system in India. The Primary stated objective of Indian reservation system is to increase the opportunities for enhanced social status for underprivileged. The reservation system exists to provide opportunities for the members of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes. Reservation is working in the opposition direction to its main objective as it is demorcating the society further. It is being used to uplift one section of the society at the cost of another, which is not fair. Instead of this there should be equal opportunities for all moreover a capable candidate does not need any certificate of being from a lower caste to prove their worth. It is his mind, education and ability to compete that can bring change in life. Taking a seat just by showing your under privileged certificate wont give your under privileged certificate wont give you anything, but just the degree or job. In this paper all important information & effects of reservation on Indian Economy are given.

The concept of Entrepreneurship is gaining momentum in the country in the face of severe unemployment and in the context of unutilized human and material resources. The governments both at the central and state level are investing heavily on entrepreneurship development. The effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) depends not onlyon the quality and spirit of the trainees, but also significantly on the entrepreneurial zeal and commitment of the training institutions and the trainer coordinators. The starting point of any such programme is the training institution and their preparations for the same. Today many institutions are engaged in entrepreneurship development activities and entrepreneurial training viz., Central government institutions, State government institutions and NGOs. Many religious institutions are also engaged in such activities as part of their social commitment. The involvement of these institutions varies depending on the nature of the organisation. Generally the government led institutions carry out these activities along with many other engagements whereas the non-government institutions exhibit more commitment towards these activities. However, the NGOs and religious institutions do not follow the typical pattern of an EDP. Their programmes are purely skill based training programmes and can be well called Entrepreneurship Training Programmes rather than Entrepreneurship Development Programmes

The Indian banking sector is an important constituent of the Indian financial system. The banking sector plays a vital role through promoting business in urban as well as in rural areas in recent years. The banking section will navigate through all the aspects of the Banking System in India. A globally competitive economy requires a robust and competitive banking system. The present banking system is a result of reforms and policy changes that have taken place in the past. The study aims mainly at the latest initiation of SBI in merging all its subsidiaries Banks.The study focuses on the purpose, consequences and the financial effects arrived from the process of merging SBI with its subsidiaries with the help of digital technology. The paper also consists of study on managing the Non-Performing Assets by SBI and the pros and cons of merging process.

In patriarchal Indian society women and girls are facing different forms oppressions and violence both in public and private spheres irrespective of their caste, class, gender, religion, region and creed. This has been in increasing trend and evidentially reported by various print and electronic media. The patriarchal social-cultural factors that predominantly playing the role to make the women and girls feels insecure. Cutting across caste, class, region and religion, women are facing continuous and different forms of violence in public spaces, including public transport, railway station, bus stand, markets, roads, parks, educational institutions, and worshiping places etc., unlikemen, women experience the public spaces differently. Although a city belongs to those men and women who live there, women’s access is limited due to the unsuitability of public places. This means most women restrict their movements or activities because they feel unsafe. This feeling acts as a way of socially controlling women’s freedom of choice. Recently occurred homicides in Chennai, Thoothukudi, Karur, Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu state has created fear of psychosis among women and parents about public safety of women and girls. Also these incidences reflect the society’s misogyny and double standardness in women’s empowerment in one hand; the other hand questioning/controlling the women’s rights and freedom of choice, expressions, mobility, decision making and autonomy which are crucial for gender equality. With this background this paper explores the causes and consequences of violence against women in public place, role state and its public safety policies particularly four major homicides by using content analysis of popular mainstream dailies published in Tamil Nadu.

Jim Corbett a hunter turned conservationist who spent his whole life towards the conservation of flora and fauna of the United Province (now Uttarakhand). Corbett as an educated White man didn’t believe in superstition and ghosts in his early years of life, but later on during his shooting trips Corbett came across some haunting and supernatural occurrences, which he was unable to solve logically through his scientific temper. The present paper attempts to discuss these haunting and supernatural incidents in context of the landscape in the works of Jim Corbett.

Total Quality Management philosophy provides an overall concept that fosters continuous improvement in an organization. This paper attempts to find the level of perception of Arts and Science colleges of Tiruchirappalli district towards Total Quality Management. By adopting survey design the study was conducted with the sample of 210 students in Tiruchirappalli district. The Total Quality Management Perception Tool for Students (TQMPTS) was developed by the investigator and validated by the experts for data collection. The findings of the present study reveal that the level of perception of the students of Arts and Science Colleges in Tiruchirappalli District towards Total Quality Management is Low with respect to the demographic variables.

Introduction: Aging is a natural, inevitable and irreversible biological process.The dynamic process of development and growth begins with birth and continues till death. India is witnessing a rise in number of senior citizens. The change in family system fromthe traditional joint family to the nuclear family system is a primary cause of the institutionalization of senior citizens. This study aims at assessing the influence of family related issues on institutionalization of senior citizens. Method: A descriptive study was conducted among 300 inmates of institutions at Mangalore, Karnataka using semi structured interview schedule. Results: Family related issues like having no sons (47%), preference to be independent (40.7%), desire of children to be in nuclear family (36%) and one’s own illness (26%) have been found to be the most common reasons for institutionalization.

Women entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important source of economic growth. Women entrepreneurship can make a particularly strong contribution to the economic well-being of the family and communities, poverty reduction and womens empowerment. As per census 2011, the population of India is 1210.19 million comprising 586.47 million (48.5%) females. Almost half of the population are females. To make effective use of this population, the government should focus on the women entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurs often face barriers to starting their businesses, like lack of access to formal finance mechanism and access to information and networks, etc. The major problem is limited access to formal finance. Women community have limited access to formal finance because they dont have enough security. To provide access to formal finance MUDRA scheme is launched by Government of India under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojna. Women entrepreneurs of the non-corporate sector can also avail the benefits of this scheme. This paper is an attempt to check that how many women avail the benefits and how many loans have been disbursed to women entrepreneurs by MUDRA. Findings of the study reveal that all the partner institutions of MUDRA have actively participated in the financing of women and substantially contributed for women entrepreneurship.

Recently, many conferences and seminars are being organized on the theme ‘Empowering Students of Bharat with English for Career Development’. The term ‘Bharat’ has different connotations for different people in our country, whereas concept notes of the conferences and seminars restrict the meaning of the term to rural areas. In fact, even in India, i.e. urban areas, we can see many Bharats. There is a fuzzy boundary between ‘India’ and ‘Bharat’. In our pluralistic society, social and economic disparities prevail to such an extent that in the same city, in the same locality, in the same school or college, we may find India and Bharat residing together. Therefore, for the sake of convenience, instead of saying English for Bharat, it would be better to say English for socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society. The present paper focuses on aspects like cultural hegemony, language and the current scenario of English learning in modern India. It also accentuates English as a tool of social and economic development with reference to a great social reformer and educationist Savitribai Phule’s two poems, namely ‘Mother English’ and ‘Learn English’ Moreover, the paper also suggests certain ways of teaching the English language to Bharat i.e. socially and economically disadvantaged sections. The suggestions are based on a case study which has been carried out for the last 17 years.

There are various value stocks picking methods and various studies on value investing in past. Still there is disbelieve related to effectiveness of value investing. Various studies on value investing inferred that value investing resulted higher returns than market average. The Graham stock selection criteria is widely appreciated and acknowledged across the globe. This methodological framework for stock investing is well lived and demonstrated by the equally agile and legend investor Warren Buffet for sustained wealth creation.

Mental Toughness is the psychological variable that requires in every sportive activity including the games like basketball and handball. Therefore the researcher is more interested to find out the mental toughness level among basketball and handball players of different universities, Karnataka India. For this purpose, seventy two (72) male university players were selected randomly from three universities (Bangalore University Bengaluru, Davanagere University, Davanagere, and Gulbarga University, Kalaburgi) who had their credit in participating in South Zone Interuniversity Tournaments during the academic year 2017-18 in their respective games. The age of the subjects were ranged from 18 to 28 years. Among the selected 72 subjects, 36 subjects were Basketball game players and remaining 36 were Handball game players. The Mental Toughness Questionnaire developed by Alan Goldberg (1995) was used to assess the level of mental toughness of the players. The collected data was analyzed by using independent ‘t’ test to find out the significant difference between basketball and handball players on mental toughness. The statistical software like Statistical Package for Social Science (Version 20) was utilized for knows the significant difference between groups by applying ‘t’ test as analytical tool. The results concluded that there was significant difference found in rebound ability, concentration ability and overall mental ability between Basketball and Handball players. The basketball players have superior mental toughness in rebound ability, concentration ability and overall mental toughness when compared with Handball players. The use of thinking skills, imagery, confidence building and other skills can be powerful techniques in reaching a high level of mental toughness among the players.

Fluids make nutritional products to hydrate fuel and replenish you. Water is most important nutrient for human body. Abnormal decrease in body water will make you dehydrated which will result in decreased quality of performane. It is important for the athletes to start exercise in a well hydrated state. One way to check the level of hydration before exercise is to monitor urine volume and color. If urine volume is small and the color of urine is dark, the recommdation is to drink other 3-5 ml/kg body weight about 2 hour before exercise (sawka2007). The goal of drinking fluids during exercise is to maintain plasma volume and electrolytes prevent abnormal elevation in heart rate and core body temperature and provide fuel to the working muscle. The goal of post exercise rehydration is to replace the water and electrolytes lost during exercise. Full restoration of fluid may take between 4 and 24 hour (greenleaf1992) depending on the degree of dehydration that occurred before or during exercise. Drinking fluid before, during and after exercise is important to maintain and replace fluids lost in sweat. Fluids may reduce the risk of dehydration heat stress, maintain normal muscle function, and prevent performance decreases due to dehydration.

Today every type of business organization influence by the information technology. The management of technological system like other resources has become important part of business strategy in the every type of business. This technological advancement put the stress on business organization to adopt it in their operations. Today the Indian business and management system are more effected by this technological advancement. With the help of this paper we will focus on the major recent changes in business and management due to the advancement of information technology and also highlights the challenges before the business and management such as: diversity of language, information and communication technology, awareness about government websites, population of India, confidence on govt websites and accessibility of internet service in all areas etc. This paper highlights some important programme launched by the Indian government to face the challenges in business and management.

As we all know that sound productivity and profitability of any bank ensures long term financial health and reliability of customers for any particular bank. These things are significant for shareholders, depositors, employees and for whole economy. In this paper, an effort has been made to analysis of productivity and profitability of Indusind Bank (which is fifth largest private sector bank operating in India). It is considered that sound productivity and profitability of any bank is required for increasing beliefs of the customers for the banks and also beneficial for capital increment in future. It also helps in supporting present and future operations of the institutions. The assessment of productivity and profitability of Indusind Bank has been done by using various accounting ratios.

The Adomian Decomposition Method is a semi-analytical method for solving ordinary and partial non-linear differential equations. The crucial aspect of the method is employment of the ‘Adomian polynomials’, which allow for solution convergence of the nonlinear portion of the equation without simply linearizing the system. These polynomials mathematically generalise to Maclaurin series about an arbitrary external parameter which gives the solution method more flexibility than direct Taylor series expansion.In the present paper, we foundthe solution of nonlinear initial value problems in series form by using Adomian decomposition method.

As indicated by Sept 2017 data, Haryana states GSDP was US$85 billion of each 2016-17 (assessed to be US$95 billion of each 2017-2018, proportional to Angola), which had created at 12.96% CAGR between 2012-17, bolstered by the way that this state on DMIC in NCR contributes 7% of Indias agrarian charges and 60% of Indias Basmati rice convey, with 7 operational SEZs and additional 23 formally insisted SEZs (20 recently exhorted and 3 on an essential dimension underwriting, generally along Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway similarly as Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor and DMIC path) in like manner conveys Indias 67% of voyager vehicles, 60% of cruisers, half of tractors and half of the fridges, which places Haryana on fourteenth spot on the once-over of Indian states and affiliation districts by GDP behind only much more prominent states that are on a very basic level greater in both region and population.[2][3] as per Nov 2016 data, Gurugram positions number 1 in India in IT improvement rate and existing development establishment, and number 2 in startup condition, progression and respectability.

Kudumbashree Mission is getting strong among the tribal population in Kerala. Out of the 127987 tribal families in Kerala, 106162 families are active members of Kudumbashree NHGs. It was found out from the tribal survey that 5962 NHGs are actively participating in the tribal areas. It was in 2007, that Kudumbashree tribal special livelihood project was launched associating with Scheduled Tribes Development Department to address the issues faced by the tribal population in Kerala. The tribal population of Kerala is 454302 and there exists a total of 5484 tribal clans in the state. The present study focused on the obstacles for the introduction of Kudumbasree developmental programmes on Kadar women in Anapantham Colony. The data were collected from various age categories of women of Anapantham Colony. The various aspects of changes among Kadar women’s life and with its major constraints experienced by the respondents are studied. The perception of Kadar women regarding the influence of development programmes, their level of awareness about policies and programmes, the participation in the development activities of both government and voluntary agencies, extent of utilization of the support services and linkages in their life situation, and the effectiveness of development programmes in their settlements is examined.

Metarhizum anisopliae known as Entomopathora anisopliae. This grows naturally in soil throughout the world & cause disease by the fungus is called “Green muscardine disease” because green colour of this spores. The fungal concentration increase and the time increases the mortality of the larvae increase . Maximum mortality was seen at 3.5ml at 48hour. Cabbage pest –cabbage looper,cabbage aphid, cabbage maggots are found .The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae grow on PDA medium. site of collection of agriculture filed at cabbage farm at Mulshi, dist – pune .

The purpose of the study is to find out the status of psychological performance among Pre University College Students of Udupi District. The study was chosen as descriptive survey method. To achieve this purpose, one hundred forty four pre university students from age range between 17 to 21 years studying government, private aided and private unaided colleges of Udupi District, Karnataka were selected. The population comprised of pre-university students of both male and female equally and they were studied in Pre University first and second year courses of arts, science and commerce streams. The criterion variable selected for the study is Psychological Performance and intervening variables such, gender, locality, type of college management and type of stream. Psychological Performance Inventory developed by Loehr (1986) was used to know the status of psychological performance of pre university students in terms of Self Confidence, Negative Energy Control, Attention Control, Visual/Imagery Control, Motivational Level, Positive Energy Control and Attitude Control. In the present article, overall psychological performance considered to identify the psychological performance among students. The Independent ‘t’ test and One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) along with Scheffe’s Post Hoc Analysis was utilized to know the significant differences in the Psychological Performance among pre university students with regard to gender, locality, type of college management and type of stream. The statistical results were obtained with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) Software Version 20.0 and MS Excel 2015. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 level of confidence. The Results concluded that psychological performance of pre university students shows significant differences due to variations in their gender, locality and type of college management. The government and private aided colleges should take precaution to developing psychological skills among their students by utilizing proper training and conducive environment and develop attitude and awareness about positive thinking, visualization, anxiety control, goal setting and attention control among students.

Todays world is so dynamic that we find day in and day out some new changes are taking place. Today, the marketers face stiff competition and survival of the fittest has become the rule of the day. Therefore, everyone is on his toes to ensure that he is updated on all the fronts to retain his identity. Against the above backdrop whether one is employed or self-employed everyone has to pay greater attention to assume enviable personality apart from the other business merits. According to one view the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individuals distinctive character. In psychological parlance, "personality" refers to a persons unique and enduring pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving. With conscious efforts personality can be developed. It is very important to maintain a good physical health for a good personality as well as for a healthy life. Confidence, Communication skills, positive attitude, self-presentation, speaking style, knowledge, mannerism and etiquettes are the major facets of personality. Schools and colleges can contribute a great deal to the personality development. The paper has discussed in brief the role the schools and college can play in this regard. With the discussion on the concept and all aspects of personality development, and the input to be provided by the schools and colleges, the students when they complete their academic education (at least the graduate level) they will be well prepared to face the challenges in the real life situation. Schools and colleges can do a lot

Mental health is a level of psychological well-being or an absence of mental illness. According to the positive health or of holism, mental health may include an individuals ability to enjoy life, and to create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience. In this paper attempts has been made to do the comparative study of mental health of working women and house wives. The main objective of this study was to find out the mental health of working women and house wives. The sample consisted of 30 women, out of which 15 were working and 15 were house wives.All of them were selected randomly from the Nainital district of Uttarakhand. As a tool “Mental Health inventory” (MHI) constructed by Jagdish and Shrivastave (1983) was used. With the help of this scale six broad dimensions of mental health - Positive self evaluation, Perception of reality, Integration of personality, Autonomy, Group oriented attitudes and Environmental competence have been measured. The obtained data was analyzed with the help of t-test, to know the mean difference between working women and house wives. The result revealed that there was no significant difference in overall mental health of working women and house wives, although the scores of working woman were higher in comparison to house wives.

Aquaculture as an industry is of very recent origin and is yet to involve women in any significant manner. With the meteoric growth of women’s education in the country in recent decades, women have started entering all walks of life, including the various fisheries sectors, such as research, development, training, extension and industry, and have already made their presence felt. However, even though the integration of women in the fisheries mainstream is already on the move, there is still ample scope for further substantial growth. Women are almost half the adult population. They contribute two third of the worlds working hours and yet earn only 1% of the worlds property. In developing countries the reality of most women is that they are compelled by poverty to seek and income, either as the sole earner of the family or to supplement income of the family. Traditionally, fishing was the subsistence occupation of certain communities in Tamil Nadu. These fishing communities operated with conventional technology in their occupation. By the mid-sixties, however, modern technology based on western models was superimposed upon the existing technology by the state, ignoring the possible impact of such a change on the socio-economics of the fishing communities. Predictably this modernization model did not in any way bring the artisanal fishermen any benefit. On the contrary, their share of the returns declined. This paper looks at some of the women fisher vendors and their problems in Pazhaverkadu.

The elementary school administration has not attracted the eyes of researcher for long. The review of literature connected with elementary school administration, does not bear out much concerning the administrative behaviour of the heads. The present study thus made an inroad into their managerial competence regarding conflict management. To be precise, in such investigation, it has focused only on elementary school heads in Salem district. The study has identified that competing style and collaborating style are highly prevalent among the total population; accommodating style and compromising style are moderately prevalent; whereas, avoiding style has emerged as the less prevalent style. The study has also established the impact of locality of the school and the length of administrative experience of the elementary heads on their conflict management styles.

Inclusive Education visualizes learners of varying learning needs learn together in a friendly atmosphere. The country made various efforts to make inclusive education as a possible practice in the educational contexts. It is very important to have inclusive classroom setup from the bottom ladder of the education. For that, teachers need to be prepared that requires teacher education role in bringing requisite sensitivity and skill development. The present study explored pre-service teachers’ ‘The Inclusive School’ course experiences and its influence on their perception about inclusion. FGD was conducted with the participants revealed that course on inclusioninfluenced their perception about inclusion and it prepared them for the inclusive classroom to a certain extent.However, they are generally getting theoretical knowledge than practical aspects. Implications for teacher education programme were discussed.

Education is considered an important input in the development and reconstruction of a nation worldwide as it has been found helpful in self-sufficiency for the society and nations in terms of food self-dependency, economic progress i.e. development in terms of industry and technology, social efficiency in terms of social and national integration along with preservation and transmission of cultural values from one generation to other. The present study is an attempt to explore the Academic Performance of Senior Secondary Level students in relation to their level of Achievement Motivation. The study has been conducted on a sample of 520 students selected randomly from the schools of Delhi. The study revealed that inspite of having low level of Intelligence the students can perform academically better if they are properly motivated.

The prsent study was carried out on “Studies on preparation of carrot “kheer”. The carrot kheer was prepared from buffalo milk with constant level of sugar 6 per cent weight of milk and different level of carrot shreds (2.5, 5, 7.5 percent by weight of milk). On average pH of Carrot Kheer as 6.11, 6.29, 6.30 and 6.35 for different treatment T0, T1, T2, and T3 respectively. It was observed that overall acceptability score of carrot kheer i.e T0, T1, T2& T3 was 8.52, 8.71, 8.52 and 8.49 respectively. The treatment T1 scores highest score (8.71) amongst all the treatments, where as T3 showed lowest overall acceptability score (8.49) in all treatment combination followed by T0, T2& T3.

In this paper, we have analysed the radiation absorption effects of chemically reacting MHD flow of electrically conducting fluid bounded by an oscillating inclined porous plate in the presence of heat source under slip boundary conditions. The plate is assumed to absorb the fluid with variable suction velocity. The coupled non linear partial differential equations for velocity, concentration and temperature are solved using perturbation techniques. The behaviour of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles has been plotted for different physical parameters entered into the problem. Also the skin friction, Nusselt number and Schmidt numbers are discussed through the tables.

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have been providing their financial services to the poor and rural people by raising their resources from banks and other sources. In the recent years, MFIs in India have evolved as a vibrant segment of Indian financial sector with their verity of business models. The Indian microfinance industry has witnessed tremendous growth over past few years. The growth of number of microfinance institutions is above the expectation. The Government and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have formulated favorable policies and regulations for Microfinance Institutions to operate successfully in the country. The growth of microfinance industry of India was 47 per cent with a gross loan portfolio of Rs 68,789 crore in the financial year ended March 2018 as against Rs 46,842 crore in the year ended 2017. The Microfinance sector witnessed 56 per cent ( 81,737 crore) increase in loan disbursements in 2017-18 over the year2016-17 which was the highest since 2015-16. The top 10 MFIs disbursed 67 per cent ( 55,013 crore) of sector’s total amount disbursed, and rest of the other MFIs disbursed 33 per cent. The present paper is to study the growth of Microfinance and progress of microfinance institution bank linkage programme (MFI- Bank Linkage Progrramme) in India

Stress is inevitable in any educational institution. It has become part of students’ academic life due to various internal and external expectations placed upon their shoulders. Adolescents face problems associated with academic stress as they undergo transition at individual and social level. Competition and challenges define energy facet of their academic life and is the main cause of stress. Prolonged stress interferes with the student-teachers ability to learn, memorize, grades as well as lead to poor physical, emotional and mental health. Stress management programme is one of the best methods which will help students to reduce stress effectively. Present study discusses about the effectiveness of stress management programme for reducing academic stress and personal stressin D.T.Ed. Student-teachers using different ancient techniques.Methodology used was quasi-experimental design-pretest and posttest non-equivalent group. Rating Scale on academic stress and personal stress was constructed and its reliability and validity were established. Reliability index as per Cronbach alpha was 0.82 and 0.81. Stratified random sampling was used. Sample consisted of 80 D.T.Ed. student-teachers, 50 from experimental group and 30 from control group.Treatment, stress management programme was implemented using different ancient techniques for 42 hours. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics t-test, Wolf’s test. Findings revealed that preserviceteachers from experimental group have gained benefit from the stress management program to a minimum to moderate level extent. This shows that stress management programme had its effect in reducing academic stress to minimum to moderate level. This confirms that treatment given to experimental group was effective.

Soft Skills is a very popular term now a days, used to indicate personal transversal competences such as social aptitudes, language and communication capability, friendliness and ability of working in team and other personality traits that characterize relationships between people. Soft Skills are traditionally considered complementary of Hard Skills, which are the abilities to perform a certain type of task or activity. Soft Skills are strategic to be successful in personal and professional life ,rendering them essential for a candidate trying to obtain any kind of job.

Education has often been stated to be an excellent tool for economic as well as social advancement. The creation of knowledge society can itself be contextualized in the increased importance given to investing in knowledge in the global economic order. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (35 of 2009) frequently referred to as Right to Education (RTE) is an important chapter in the annals of Children’s education in the contemporary India. This paper tries to explore the status of RTE Act implementation in Davanagere district, Karnataka state.How much the enrollment in these elementary schools after RTE implementation. From the findings it is concluded that the burden of expanding school education has mostly fallen on the government and a majority of the schools have witnessed a decline intake of students with the last two years.

Bryophytes are useful in medicinal use antibiotic, antioxidant activity and source of food, which is limited for famine period. Generally they are used as an ingredient of bread and soup.phytochemical screening of both mosses like Pterbryopsis Species and Bryum Coranatum. Both mosses the presence of medicinaly active constituent like alkaloid, flavanoid, phenol,saponin and steroids. Antioxidant activity analysis in Pterbryopsis species is done by using DPPH radial scavenging activity. Radial scavenging activity is high in acetone extract as compared to aqueous extract.

In Indian banking system there is emergence of new concept i.e. Payment Bank. With the help of payment bank an attempt is made to reach all section of society. Payment bank covers all people who live in remote and rural area. The concept of Payment banks are the latest initiative taken by RBI with main objective to promote cashless banking in our country. These banks are formed to cover all the shortcoming of traditional banking system. Payment banks are operating on small scale it means it can accept demand deposit up to RS 1 Lakhs. It can carry out almost all banking function but without involving any credit risk. These banks do not advance loan and credit card. This paper aims to know the concept of payment bank in India and role in financial inclusion. It is an exploratory study and the data used is secondary in nature. The data is gathered from various websites, online journals and magazines & Newspaper.

One college for women means decrease in one prison from world’. This statement shows the importance of women’s education. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru – remarked “Education of a boy is the education of one. Person, but education of girl is the education of the entire family. The researcher has collected the data from the responses to the questionnaires by women trainees and instructors. Generally useful data has collected from the tables given below and the analysis of collected data has discussed. appear four structures of familial dependency: economic, implying financial dependence on male kin; legal, through regulation imposing gender asymmetrical marriage, domicile and inheritance; ideologies of domesticity which constitute women as dependents and men as ‘breadwinners’; and psychic and social construction of feminine identity which subject women to male (sometimes older female ) authority figures. Access to employment may challenge some of these, rarely all of these. More importantly, the terms on which the access is gained, and the ability to continue to maintain this access is very often determined by these structures themselves. Thus, the kind of women who work and the kind of work they do are very often contingent on male decision-making in the family, euphemised as ‘family decision-making’ or ‘household strategy’ for livelihood or survival.

The author wants to highlight the importance and role played by the small scale industries in the development, empowerment and strengthening the economic scenario of India. Small industries are fairly labour intensive with comparatively smaller capital investment than the larger units. Therefore, these units are more suited for economics where capital is scarce and there is abundant supply of labour. In short, small-scale and cottage industries occupy an important place, because of their employment potential and their contribution to total industrial output and exports.

This paper intends to study the level of Coping Strategies, student teachers of secondary level employ in managing their stress in the pre practice teaching period. It also compares the level of coping strategies employed by student teachers at secondary level prior to the teaching practice; based on the gender, region, type of management of the institution and qualification. The study revealed that about one fourth of the student teachers have low level of coping strategies. Also, the study showed that student teachers of aided colleges have better coping strategies than those of Government colleges, unaided colleges, and university teacher education colleges.

This article mentions the way of escape from suffering (Dukkha) in accordance with Dependent Origination, Four Noble Truths and Conditional Relations as well, taught by the Buddha. Before preaching of the Buddha, People did not understand these matters aforesaid but the cause of suffering also. The people wrongly consider that only the problems of poor eating, wearing and living and so forth are serious cases for them but the births, the olds and the deaths and so on. This is why none can achieve liberation from suffering the round of Births, Olds and Deaths, or Sa?sara (the Cycle of Rebirth). After the Dhamma (teaching) of the Buddha, some people accepted these matters and realized that Nibbana will never attain without practising Magga (Path) and Phala (Fruition).If we fail to achieve the ideal in the present life, our efforts would not be fruitless. Thus, this article that will contribute my thesis tries to cover all the factors that need for the escape by the three kinds of training which is the Middle Way, consists of Eightfold Noble Path to reach Nibbana, the extinction of suffering. Dependent Origination and Conditional Relations are also in the direction of the way to help us to escape from the suffering on the stand point of Abhidhamma.

The paper aims to analyze the inter-state tax performance of the 27 major states of India for the period, 2005 to 2016. The paper has explained the inter-state structure of tax revenues of Indian states. The total tax revenues of the Indian states may be divided into two sources. The first source is state’s own tax revenues (SOTR) and the second source is state’s share in central tax revenues. SOTR are the revenues from the taxes which fall in the jurisdiction of the State Governments as enshrined in the Constitution of India. It is found that states with low per capita income are reported with relatively high share in the central taxes as compared to the states with high per-capital income. This is due to the fact that Finance commission of India has been giving more emphasis on the equity principle in dividing the revenues from the central taxes among the states.

The purpose of the study was to compare the selected physical fitness component Explosive Strength (Leg) between Government School and Convent School children. The present study was carried out100 children of government school and 100 children of convent school from different school of Uttar Pradesh among 12-16 year of age range. The study was confined to test Explosive Strength by conducting standing broad jump. The mean difference of these groups were tested for significance by ‘t’ test. Level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. It is evident from table I and table II that the Explosive Strength between Government School and Convent School differ significantly .Finding of the study reveals that the government school children are better than convent school.

Water hyacinth is considered as a nuisance aquatic weed which spreads over the aquatic body and is an indicator species of pollution. Sambhaji tank is located in the heart of the Solapur city and is a site of recreation and the migratory birds regularly visit this water body. Because of urbanisation, the nearby colonies illegally discharge their effluents into the tank which results in the pollution of the lake. Because of enrichment of lake there is an enormous increase in the water hyacinth. It is essential to understand and recycle this aquatic weed by using appropriate decomposition method. In the present study an attempt has been made to understand the chemical composition of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) so that this aquatic weed waste can be recycled and reutilised properly.

Information seeking is the act of obtaining information from existing resources in both human and technological contexts. For this research a survey method was adopted by the researcher. Questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. This method of data collection was used as it enables anonymous and frank response and is economical and time saving. A comprehensive mixed questionnaire was prepared which included both close ended as well as open ended questions. The study found that under graduate students gather information for their academic and educational purpose. This study also found that the many students use printed (Books) sources more than non-print materials. Study reveals that most of the students use library and internet for information search, but many of them face lots of problems while searching information.

The purpose of the study was to analysis of percent body fat of different sports and games in university level players. To achieve the purpose of the study, one hundred and twenty men players were selected as subjects. The age, height and weight of the subjects ranged from 17 to 25 years, 162 to 175 centimetres and 56 to 70 kilograms respectively. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into four equal groups of 30 subjects each. Group I taken from badminton players, group II taken from football players, group III taken from swimmers and group IV taken from Non-sports men. The data collected from the four groups on selected dependent variables were statistically analysed to find out the significant difference if any, by applying the 4 x 3 two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Since four groups were involved, whenever the obtained ‘F’ ratio for adjusted posttest means was found to be significant, the Scheffe’s test was applied as post hoc test to determine the paired mean differences. Result of the study showing that significant difference exists among the sports wise players and also the diet wise on percent body fat.

Plants are exposed to various pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, virus, insect, etc which may cause some short of physiological and morphological disorder in plant, so called diseases. To overcome this disease incidence, plants have some defense mechanisms such as induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). ISR is mediated by root colonizing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) in response of Jasmonic acid (JA) and Ethylene (ET) which is subjected to the expression of defense related enzymes and defense chemicals in order to structural and chemical barrier against pathogen, while SAR is responsible for expression of pathogenesisrelated proteins (PR-proteins) in response to a different endogenous signaling molecule, salicylic acid (SA) against necrotizing pathogen. PGPR and PGPF play dual roles in plant growth such as induction of resistance and promoting of growth. In this present work JA- ET dependent ISR is focused for protection of crops against pathogenic agents.

water is the most important natural renewable resource and is vital for all life on the earth .The well being and development of any society is dependent on the availability of water.

Children, as has historically been, are one of the most vulnerable groups in the society. Child abuse increasingly being a greater concern, discourses of child rights have garnered importance. Kofi A. Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations, observed that:

Arbitration may be defined as “the process by which a dispute or difference between two or more parties as to their mutual legal rights and liabilities is referred to and determined judicially and with binding effect by the application of law by one or more persons i.e, the arbitral tribunal instead of by a court of law”1.

Present research was an attempt to measure the attitude of students’ towards the library profession. Data was collected by self made standardized “Attitude Measurement Scale of Library Profession”. Total 145 Students (58 Male, 87 Female) from across Gujarat State participated in the study from various Universities. Results show that the attitudes of male and female were significantly different towards the library profession. Attitudes were not different with reference to students’ basic graduation faculty.

Human Rights are all inclusive, and common, political, financial, social and social rights that have a place with every single individual, including in an unexpected way abled people. In an unexpected way abled people are qualified for the acknowledgment of every human right and crucial opportunities on equivalent terms with others in the public arena, without segregation of any sort. They likewise appreciate certain human right explicitly connected to their status.

In the present study of 13 different angiosperm plants, the wood had been covered by the Nandurbar district. It is a part of the Deccan Plateau that is located in the northern part of the state of Maharashtra between 21 N at 21.32N latitude and 73.34 E at 74.3 E longitudes for its study of the dimension of wood. Melia azedarach shows the highest value for the cross sectional area of the heartwood of 484.95 cm where the cross section of Acacia ariculiformis of the sapwood was recorded at least 8.01 cm, among all wood sections.

As women and historically subjugated communities have started to gain a toehold into the mainstream through positive active and political representation, the male crisis is further aggravated. Faced with escalated competition on all sides, the male identity is harshly threatened. Violence perpetrated by men against women and the rape culture are all part of a backlash against perceived threats to male supremacy. Anita Nairs The Better Man can be considered a perfect tool to study the male crisis in Indian men. In her effort to define the women in their subordinate position, she brings out the male crisis that deplorably exhibits itself in the process.

The novel form as a literary genre is new to the Indian provincial writing. The novelists were made to study the roots of the culture and the evaluation of the historical traditions and the philosophic paradigms which were kept in store at the intellectual level. S L Bhyrappa is a well-known writer and novelist. He started writing novels during navya period, but he stands far away from Navya. Bhyrappa is not only an intellectual writer but also a conscious thinker.

Women to play a multiple role in family as well as in society. In present days, various changes are formulated in our government for the welfare of women but in our Indian context in male dominated society, they are not facing the new challenges and development. As a women entrepreneurs to be face d in lot of problems in family, society and business. They will suffer not only physically but major they affect in psychological and mental stress in the competitive world. Women have to planned properly in family and business life to reduce the stress to improve their standards of life.

Hospital is an integral part of a social and medical organization. The function of a hospital is to provide complete healthcare, both curative and preventive. The health care industry in India is becoming increasingly more competitive. There are different types of hospitals like the government hospital, private hospital, and single and multispecialty hospital, trust hospital which provide different kinds of facilities to the patients. The scope of the study is confined to the marketing of healthcare by private and public hospitals on patients’ perspective located in Tirunelveli Corporation of Tamil Nadu state. In Tirunelveli Corporation there are good numbers of private and public hospitals in both urban and rural areas providing advanced methods of treatment to the people. Further, the study is confined to factors that influence the patients’ to select a particular hospital. As regards patients’, the study is confined to the problems that are faced by them in availing healthcare services by private and public hospitals in Tirunelveli District. Both primary and secondary data have used to study the objectives of this research. From the patients’ perspective, their reasons for preferring either level of attitude towards the health services provided by the both government and private hospitals and the problems that have been faced by them in availing health services both from the Government and the private hospitals have been elicited.

Women education is very much important for empowering women and eradicating vile gender inequality. There should be a number of government initiatives for the enhancement of women education. Conditional Cash Transfer schemes provide cash directly to poor households in response to the household/individual fulfilling specific conditions such as minimum attendance of children in schools, and/or attendance at health clinics, participation in immunization and the like. West Bengal government initiated ‘Kanyashree’ is a Conditional Cash Transfer scheme. The core objectives of Kanyashree are to ensure that girls retention in school and delay their marriages till at least age 18. Parents are the important stakeholders of the education system. Present paper was conducted to study the parental attitude towards Kanyashree for facilitating women education. It was a descriptive survey research. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse and interpret parental attitude. Result shows that parental attitude towards Kanyashree for facilitating women education is mostly positive.

Instructing is a great activity. That is a test of patience but it is a joyful and adventurous business. Nobody can’t become a instruct, since instructing is an Art and Skill. Instructing is a tedious work. The instruct and the secondary staff spend time, energy, money, efforts and all the needed resources, to ready players in four fundamental aspects of technical, training, tactical and physical and psychic instructing. So through a process of coaching most players deepen and sharpen their learning skills. A good coach can lead a team to victory instead of piling up loses one after the other. We may call him a philosopher, judge, role-model, teacher, trainer fitness- instructor, psychologist etc. planning is a vital system to ensure continuous growth of personality and sports performance in the coaching age of high performance in the training age of high work. The major issue is that the art of modifying them and substituting them is not known to all the person. A coach can modify the behavior of players and can supply desired direction to them through the mechanism of inspiration. The entire team of experts, along with the coach can now survey the pasteurize movement of a player. In today’s society man lives with loads of accent. These two aspects of science are very vital for the coach to deal with, Athletes have reached outstanding performance by sometimes adapting their behaviors to their coaches needs.

The proposed reveiw work focuses on the systematic study of the polynuclear Cu(II) complexes containing tridentate N2O donor Schiff base ligands as N,O donor derived from ethylenediamine derivatives in presence of several auxiliary bridging groups. The nuclearity, geometry around Cu(II) centers, bridging mode of ligands and magnetic properties of complexes are describe briefly.

The paper deals with an overview on the mononuclear, dinuclear and polynuclear Cu(II) complexes of some carboxylate ligands. This paper also emphasize on versatile coordination behavior of carboxylates displaying distinct bonding modes toward metal cations, such as monodentate and chelate, as well as µ2 bridging ligands in syn-syn, syn-anti, and anti-anti conformations. Long chain dicarboxylates are excellent structure directing anions due to their flexible bridging capability for the construction of metal-organic networks (MOF’s).